Chapter 6, Problem 1CR

Summary Introduction

To define: The “terms to know” mentioned at the end of chapter.

Introduction: The vocabulary of medicine is specifically designed to explain the human body, including all of its parts, functions, diseases that affect it, and treatments given to it. The field of medicine involves the use of medical terminology. The terms to know in this chapter are referring to medical conditions common in childhood, body parts structures, and ways of treatment.

Explanation of Solution

Symptoms: A physical or psychological issue that a person has that could be a sign of an illness or condition can be called as symptoms. Symptoms re often invisible and do not appear on diagnostic tests, they are only experienced and explained by the affected person.   Headache, weariness, nausea, and soreness are a few examples of symptoms.

Asymptomatic: Asymptomatic denotes the absence of symptoms. If an individual has recovered from a disease or ailment and not have any symptoms, they are deemed asymptomatic. Additionally, a disease or condition that yet lack the symptoms of it because of being at initial stage is termed asymptomatic, such as early-stage high blood pressure or glucoma.

Infection: The invasion of tissues by pathogens, the pathogenic growth and the effect of toxins released by these pathogens are collectively referred as an infection. A sickness brought on by an infection is referred to as an infectious disease, often known as a transmissible disease or communicable disease. For instance, any bacterial or viral sickness is often called bacterial/viral infection or pathogenic infection.

Dehydration: The average human body contains 75% water. It won't be able to exist without this water. Blood arteries, between cells, and inside of cells all contain water. When the body loses more water and fluids than it takes in, dehydration sets in. Headaches, drowsiness, and constipation can all result from even mild dehydration.

Listlessness: Listlessness is the state of lacking strength, energy, and excitement and being hesitant to engage in any effort-requiring activities: Listlessness and a lack of focus might result from a deficiency of iron in the body.

Abdomen: In humans and other vertebrates, the abdomen is the region of the body that lies between the thorax (chest) and pelvis. The torso's abdominal segment's front portion is known as the abdomen. The abdominal cavity is the term used to describe the region occupied by the abdomen. The abdomen in humans extends from the thorax at the thoracic diaphragm to the pelvis at the pelvic brim.

Hyperventilation: When one starts to breathe really quickly, it's called hyperventilation. A proper balance between breathing in oxygen and breathing out carbon dioxide results in healthy breathing. When people hyperventilate, they throw off this equilibrium by inhaling more than they take in. As a result, the body's carbon dioxide levels drop quickly. The blood arteries that carry blood to the brain narrow when carbon dioxide levels fall. Lightheadedness and tingling in the fingers are symptoms brought on by this decrease in blood flow to the brain. A severe case of hyperventilation may cause unconsciousness.

Temperature: Temperature is a numerical expression of how hot a substance or radiation is. However, in biology and medicine, it refers to the body's interior temperature of a Person. 98.6°F is considered to be a typical mouth temperature for a living person. 

Fever: An abrupt increase in body temperature is known as a fever. It is a part of the immune system's comprehensive response. Infections frequently result in fever. Most children and adults find having a fever uncomfortable. However, it typically is not a cause for alarm. When the temperature is greater than 99 to 99.5°F, an adult is likely suffering from a fever.

Tympanic: The term tympanic refers to “relating or having a tympanum”. It refers to the eardrum. It divides the middle ear from the outer ear. The tympanic membrane (eardrum) vibrates as sound waves enter it. The middle ear's minuscule bones are thus exposed to the vibrations. The vibrating signals are then sent from the middle ear bones to the inner ear.

Disorientation: In biological science, disorientation is a distorted state of mind. Someone who is confused could not be aware of their identity, location, or the current time and date is called disoriented. It frequently occurs along with other symptoms including confusion, the inability to think clearly, delirium, the inability to focus and bewilderment, delusions, the ability to believe in things even if they are wrong, etc.

Lyme disease: The bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi and, less frequently, Borrelia mayonii are responsible for Lyme disease. Infected blacklegged ticks bite humans to spread the disease. Fever, headaches, exhaustion, and an erythema migrans-like skin rash are typical symptoms.

Intestinal: The term intestinal refers to something related to intestine. Food is processed in the stomach and then exits the body. The term intestinal is often used to refer to the conditions affecting intestine, such as intestinal obstruction in which the small intestine or large intestine has a blockage that prevents food or drink from going through.

Urination: Urination refers to the act of releasing urine out of body. When one needs to pee, the brain tells the urinary sphincters to loosen up. The muscular bladder wall is then told to contract, forcing urine out of the bladder into the urethra.

Apnea: The temporary cessation of breathing is known as apnea. The muscles used for inhalation do not contract during an apnea, and the initial volume of the lungs does not change. There may or may not be a flow of gas between the lungs and the environment depending on how restricted the airways are (patency), but if there is enough flow, gas exchange inside the lungs and cellular respiration wouldn't be negatively impacted.

Salmonellosis: Salmonella, which causes salmonellosis, is a bacterium that lives in the intestines of animals, including birds. Humans typically contract salmonella by consuming foodstuffs contaminated with animal excrement.