The rules of politics are not always the same as the rules of economics. In discussions of setting budgets for government agencies, there is a strategy called “closing the Washington Monument.” When an agency faces the unwelcome prospect of a budget cut, it may decide to close a high-visibility attraction enjoyed by many people (like the Washington Monument). Explain in terms of diminishing
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Chapter 6 Solutions
Principles of Economics 2e
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- On Sundays, people in Los Angeles consider a boat to Catalina Island to spend the day on the beach there. The utility that a person gets from visiting Catalina is 1-[n/10] – p , where n is the number of visitors on the island and p is the price of round-trip transportation (by boat). (Note that a visitor obtains more satisfaction if there are fewer other visitors on the island). The utility of staying home is zero. In equilibrium, how many people visit the island on a given Sunday? ( Your answer should depend on p.)arrow_forward4. Two individuals, Amir and Budi, consume two goods, clothes (X) and shoes (Y). The utility functions for the two individuals are given as: Utility function of Amir, UA = 15X0.25Y0.75Utility function of Budi, UB = 25X0.5Y0.5 The current price for clothes (Px) is Rp 100,000 and the current price for shoes (PY) is Rp 150,000 a. Determine marginal rate of substitution (MRSXY)between clothes (X) and shoes (Y) for Amir and Budi! Please explain. b. Amir is currently consuming 5 units of clothes (X) and 10 units of shoes (Y), whereas Budi is consuming 12 units of clothes (X) and 8 units of shoes (Y). At this current consumption, have Amir and Budi reached the efficient allocation of clothes and shoes? If they have, explain why. If they have not, calculate the optimal allocation and explain. c. Considering the relative price between of clothes and shoes, at the current consumption, have Amir and Budi reached exchange equilibrium? Please explain d. Use the Edgeworth Box to illustrate the…arrow_forward4. Two individuals, Amir and Budi, consume two goods, clothes (X) and shoes (Y). The utility functions for the two individuals are given as: Utility function of Amir, UA = 15X0.25Y0.75Utility function of Budi, UB = 25X0.5Y0.5 The current price for clothes (Px) is Rp 100,000 and the current price for shoes (PY) is Rp 150,000 a. Determine marginal rate of substitution (MRSXY)between clothes (X) and shoes (Y) for Amir and Budi! Please explain. b. Amir is currently consuming 5 units of clothes (X) and 10 units of shoes (Y), whereas Budi is consuming 12 units of clothes (X) and 8 units of shoes (Y). At this current consumption, have Amir and Budi reached the efficient allocation of clothes and shoes? If they have, explain why. If they have not, calculate the optimal allocation and explain. c. Considering the relative price between of clothes and shoes, at the current consumption, have Amir and Budi reached exchange equilibrium? Please explain d. Use the Edgeworth Box to illustrate the…arrow_forward
- Donuts are a big thing in Portland, OR. You go into one of the many donut establishments to purchase some number of these tasty (and even vegan or gluten free if required) treats. Let's say that the first donut has higher utility for you, so you are willing to pay up to $2 for it. For the second donut you are willing to pay $1.50, the third $1, a fourth $0.50 and the fifth $0.00. This particular bakery in Portland charges an average of $1 per donut. If you are a rational buyer (which can be hard when faced with so many different delicious donuts) then how many donuts do you purchase, and how much consumer surplus (i.e., money saved compared to what you were willing to spend) do you have? O 4 donuts, $5 O 2 donuts, $5 O 3 donuts, $1.50 O 1 donut, $0.50arrow_forwardHal's utility function is U (x, y) = 2x + 5y. The price of x is $4, and the price of y is $15. Hal has $200 a week to spend on x and y. Hal is offered a chance to join a club of consumers of good y. If he joins, he can get y at a price of $8. What is the most that Hal would be willing to pay to join the club?arrow_forwardYou were presented with a utility maximizing rule which states: If you always choose the item with the greatest marginal utility per dollar spent, when your budget is exhausted, the utility maximizing choice should occur where the marginal utility per dollar spent is the same for both goods. That rule is expressed as follows: Group of answer choices (The marginal utility associated with good 1 / the price of good 2) = (the marginal utility associated with good 2 / the price of good 1) % change in price / % change in quantity (The marginal utility associated with good 1 / the price of good 1) = (the marginal utility associated with good 2 / the price of good 2) The marginal utility per dollar of good 1 > the marginal utility per dollar of good 2.arrow_forward
- For the next three questions, assume that there are two consumers in an economy that have utility functions UA(2,3)=2¹/42/4 U" (x,y)=1¹/2¹/2 The two consumers begin with equal endowments of the two goods === e = 50 29. If the price of z and y were both set to 1, there would be (a) An excess demand for r so the equilibrium price ratio must be less than 1 (b) An excess supply of r so the equilibrium price ratio must be less than 1 (c) An excess demand for y so the equilibrium price ratio must be greater than 1 (d) An excess supply of y so the equilibrium price ratio must be greater than 1 (e) No excess supply or demand for either good, so the equilibrium price ratio is 1 30. What is the equilibrium price ratio? (a) 2/3 (b) 5/2 (c) 3/5 (d) 1 (e) None of these 31. Consumer A increases his endowment of both goods to 100 (e = e = 100). This will cause (a) No change in the equilibrium price ratio (b) The equilibrium price ratio to increase, causing consumer B to decrease their consumption of…arrow_forwardSean is arguing with his girlfriend, Yvette. They have been going out for a little more than two years. YVETTE: I'm leaving you, Sean. Get over it. SEAN: Are you saying that being single will make you happier than you've been with me? Speaking personally, I think the utility we've had in this relationship was much more than you could have had if you'd been single this whole time! YVETTE: I had taken an economics class and the word "utility" rings a bell. It's not that at all. We've had a fine time. It's that the utility I would get by continuing our relationship isn't worth it anymore. SEAN: I've never been dumped by someone citing the law of before. You're a piece of work, you know that? Yvette doesn't hear. She has already walked off, leaving Sean feeling like something of a sunk cost.arrow_forwardTrue or false: keeping his maximum willingness to pay for a yacht in mind, Tim will buy the yacht because it will be worth more to him than its market price of $350,000arrow_forward
- Matthew Hamming is stranded on an island. He has decided that he will spend exactly 10 hours a day gathering food. He can either spend this time gathering coconuts or catching fish. He can catch 2 fish per hour and he can gather 3 coconuts per hour. Matthew's utility function is U(FC) = 3F0.60.3 a. How many fish should Matthew catch and how many coconuts should he gather so that his consumption maximizes his utility? Illustrate the equilibrium with a graph b. One day a native inhabitant of another island arrives on the island. The visitor offers Matthew trade of 3 fish for 1 coconut. The trade fee costs 1 fish (that must be paid prior to the exchange). Will Matthew decide to trade? What will Matthew produce and consume? Justify your answer and provide a graph.arrow_forwardAnswer the attached questionarrow_forwardJohn currently lives in Sydney where he earns $2700 a week as a high school principal. If he moves to Batemans Bay, he has to accept a position as a classroom teacher where he will earn $2100 a week. John only considers two goods, cost of living (c) and health (h). In Sydney, pe = 54 and ph = 90. In Batemans 1 1 Bay, Ph = 36. John's utility function is u(c, h) = h + cihi. a) What is John's optimal consumption of h in Sydney? b) What would be John's optimal consumption of c in Batemans Bay? c) What is the maximum cost of living ph such that John will accept to move to Batemans Bay?arrow_forward