Chapter 6, Problem 131R

Diabetic glomerulosclerosis can result from poor control of blood glucose. Briefly describe the pathological changes in the glomeruli of persons with this type of nephropathy and outline one consequence of renal dysfunction due to the damaged tissue

Most absorption and secretion occurs in this part of the nephron. proximal convoluted tubule descending loop of Henle ascending loop of Henle distal convoluted tubule collecting ducts

J.H. is a 12-year-old boy diagnosed several months ago with nephrotic syndrome following postinfectious glomerulonephritis secondary to an episode of pneumococcal pneumonia. He has been coming to the clinic to have his condition monitored and therapies adjusted as needed. At his latest clinic visit, a decrease in urine output, increasing lethargy, hyperventilation, and generalized edema are noted. Trace amounts of protein are detected in J.H.’s urine by dipstick. Blood is drawn for laboratory analysis, and the results are as follows:pH = 7.36 PaCO2 = 33 mm Hg PaO2 = 100 mm Hg HCO3 – = 18 mEq/L Hct = 30% Na+ = 130 mEq/L K+ = 5.4 mEq/L BUN = 58 mg/dl creatinine = 3.9 mg/dl albumin = 2.0 g/dl   How would a pneumococcal infection lead to glomerulonephritis? How can glomerulonephritis result in nephrotic syndrome? (Explain the pathophysiology of how pneumococcal infection leads to glomerulonephritis. Explain the pathophysiology of how glomerulonephritis results in nephrotic syndrome.)…

J.H. is a 12-year-old boy diagnosed several months ago with nephrotic syndrome following postinfectious glomerulonephritis secondary to an episode of pneumococcal pneumonia. He has been coming to the clinic to have his condition monitored and therapies adjusted as needed. At his latest clinic visit, a decrease in urine output, increasing lethargy, hyperventilation, and generalized edema are noted. Trace amounts of protein are detected in J.H.’s urine by dipstick. Blood is drawn for laboratory analysis, and the results are as follows:pH = 7.36 PaCO2 = 33 mm Hg PaO2 = 100 mm Hg HCO3 – = 18 mEq/L Hct = 30% Na+ = 130 mEq/L K+ = 5.4 mEq/L BUN = 58 mg/dl creatinine = 3.9 mg/dl albumin = 2.0 g/dl     What additional physical or laboratory findings would be helpful in determining J.H.’s degree of renal impairment? ( List at least 4 additional physical findings/symptoms or laboratory tests that would be helpful in determining the degree of renal impairment.)   2. What would the treatment…

Review of renal autoregulation.Highlight or underline the term in parentheses that best fits each sentence.    Mrs. K’s blood pressure has dropped, which means her NFP and GFR are likely to (decrease; increase), causing filtrate to move more (rapidly; slowly) through the renal tubules.  As a result, (more, less) fluid and salts are reabsorbed in the PCT and nephron loop.  Consequently, the amount of fluid slowly passing the macula densa is (high, low) in volume and concentration of salts.  This condition causes her JGC (macula densa cells) to release (more; less) of a vasoconstrictor substance.  As a result her afferent arterioles then dilate so that (more; less) blood flows into glomerular capillaries, causing NFP and GFR to (increase; decrease).  This restoration of homeostasis occurs by a (positive; negative) feedback mechanism.  The name autoregulation indicates that neither the autonomic nervous system nor any chemical made outside the kidneys is involved in this situation,…

This serum (bottom) and CSF (top) from the same patient is most consistent with which diagnosis? IgA nephropathy Multiple sclerosis Chronic liver disease Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance Protein losing nephropathy