a) Interpretation: R and S configuration is to be assigned to the molecules by re-orienting the substituent. Concept introduction: Rule 1: a) Higher atomic number precedes lower. b) An atom node duplicated closer to the root ranks higher than one duplicated further. Rule 2: Higher atomic mass number precedes lower. Rule 3: Z precedes E and this precedes nonstereogenic (nst) double bonds. Rule 4: a) Chiral stereogenic units precede pseudoasymmetric stereogenic units and these precede nonstereogenic units (R = S > r = s > nst). b) When two ligards have different descriptor pairs, the one with the first chosen like descriptor pairs has priority over the one with a corresponding unlike descriptor pairs. c) r precedes s . Rule 5: An atom or group with descriptor R has priority over its enantiomorph S .

Question

Laser. Indicate the relationship between metastable state and stimulated emission.

Answer 1

Question

Chapter 5.SE, Problem 41AP

Interpretation Introduction

a)

Interpretation:

R and S configuration is to be assigned to the molecules by re-orienting the substituent.

Concept introduction:

Rule 1:

a) Higher atomic number precedes lower.

b) An atom node duplicated closer to the root ranks higher than one duplicated further.

Rule 2: Higher atomic mass number precedes lower.

Rule 3: Z precedes E and this precedes nonstereogenic (nst) double bonds.

Rule 4:

a) Chiral stereogenic units precede pseudoasymmetric stereogenic units and these precede nonstereogenic units (R = S > r = s > nst).

b) When two ligards have different descriptor pairs, the one with the first chosen like descriptor pairs has priority over the one with a corresponding unlike descriptor pairs.

c) r precedes s.

Rule 5: An atom or group with descriptor R has priority over its enantiomorph S.

Interpretation Introduction

b)

Interpretation:

R and S configuration is to be assigned to the molecules by re-orienting the substituent.

Concept introduction:

Rule 1:

a) Higher atomic number precedes lower.

b) An atom node duplicated closer to the root ranks higher than one duplicated further.

Rule 2: Higher atomic mass number precedes lower.

Rule 3: Z precedes E and this precedes nonstereogenic (nst) double bonds.

Rule 4:

a) Chiral stereogenic units precede pseudoasymmetric stereogenic units and these precede nonstereogenic units (R = S > r = s > nst).

b) When two ligards have different descriptor pairs, the one with the first chosen like descriptor pairs has priority over the one with a corresponding unlike descriptor pairs.

c) r precedes s.

Rule 5: An atom or group with descriptor R has priority over its enantiomorph S.

Interpretation Introduction

c)

Interpretation:

R and S configuration is to be assigned to the molecules by re-orienting the substituent.

Concept introduction:

Rule 1:

a) Higher atomic number precedes lower.

b) An atom node duplicated closer to the root ranks higher than one duplicated further.

Rule 2: Higher atomic mass number precedes lower.

Rule 3: Z precedes E and this precedes nonstereogenic (nst) double bonds.

Rule 4:

a) Chiral stereogenic units precede pseudoasymmetric stereogenic units and these precede nonstereogenic units (R = S > r = s > nst).

b) When two ligards have different descriptor pairs, the one with the first chosen like descriptor pairs has priority over the one with a corresponding unlike descriptor pairs.

c) r precedes s.

Rule 5: An atom or group with descriptor R has priority over its enantiomorph S.

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Laser. Indicate the relationship between metastable state and stimulated emission.

The table includes macrostates characterized by 4 energy levels (&) that are equally spaced but with different degrees of occupation. a) Calculate the energy of all the macrostates (in joules). See if they all have the same energy and number of particles. b) Calculate the macrostate that is most likely to exist. For this macrostate, show that the population of the levels is consistent with the Boltzmann distribution. macrostate 1 macrostate 2 macrostate 3 ε/k (K) Populations Populations Populations 300 5 3 4 200 7 9 8 100 15 17 16 0 33 31 32 DATO: k = 1,38×10-23 J K-1

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Answer 2

Question

Chapter 5.SE, Problem 41AP

Interpretation Introduction

a)

Interpretation:

R and S configuration is to be assigned to the molecules by re-orienting the substituent.

Concept introduction:

Rule 1:

a) Higher atomic number precedes lower.

b) An atom node duplicated closer to the root ranks higher than one duplicated further.

Rule 2: Higher atomic mass number precedes lower.

Rule 3: Z precedes E and this precedes nonstereogenic (nst) double bonds.

Rule 4:

a) Chiral stereogenic units precede pseudoasymmetric stereogenic units and these precede nonstereogenic units (R = S > r = s > nst).

b) When two ligards have different descriptor pairs, the one with the first chosen like descriptor pairs has priority over the one with a corresponding unlike descriptor pairs.

c) r precedes s.

Rule 5: An atom or group with descriptor R has priority over its enantiomorph S.

Interpretation Introduction

b)

Interpretation:

R and S configuration is to be assigned to the molecules by re-orienting the substituent.

Concept introduction:

Rule 1:

a) Higher atomic number precedes lower.

b) An atom node duplicated closer to the root ranks higher than one duplicated further.

Rule 2: Higher atomic mass number precedes lower.

Rule 3: Z precedes E and this precedes nonstereogenic (nst) double bonds.

Rule 4:

a) Chiral stereogenic units precede pseudoasymmetric stereogenic units and these precede nonstereogenic units (R = S > r = s > nst).

b) When two ligards have different descriptor pairs, the one with the first chosen like descriptor pairs has priority over the one with a corresponding unlike descriptor pairs.

c) r precedes s.

Rule 5: An atom or group with descriptor R has priority over its enantiomorph S.

Interpretation Introduction

c)

Interpretation:

R and S configuration is to be assigned to the molecules by re-orienting the substituent.

Concept introduction:

Rule 1:

a) Higher atomic number precedes lower.

b) An atom node duplicated closer to the root ranks higher than one duplicated further.

Rule 2: Higher atomic mass number precedes lower.

Rule 3: Z precedes E and this precedes nonstereogenic (nst) double bonds.

Rule 4:

a) Chiral stereogenic units precede pseudoasymmetric stereogenic units and these precede nonstereogenic units (R = S > r = s > nst).

b) When two ligards have different descriptor pairs, the one with the first chosen like descriptor pairs has priority over the one with a corresponding unlike descriptor pairs.

c) r precedes s.

Rule 5: An atom or group with descriptor R has priority over its enantiomorph S.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 5.SE, Problem 41AP

Interpretation Introduction

a)

Interpretation:

R and S configuration is to be assigned to the molecules by re-orienting the substituent.

Concept introduction:

Rule 1:

a) Higher atomic number precedes lower.

b) An atom node duplicated closer to the root ranks higher than one duplicated further.

Rule 2: Higher atomic mass number precedes lower.

Rule 3: Z precedes E and this precedes nonstereogenic (nst) double bonds.

Rule 4:

a) Chiral stereogenic units precede pseudoasymmetric stereogenic units and these precede nonstereogenic units (R = S > r = s > nst).

b) When two ligards have different descriptor pairs, the one with the first chosen like descriptor pairs has priority over the one with a corresponding unlike descriptor pairs.

c) r precedes s.

Rule 5: An atom or group with descriptor R has priority over its enantiomorph S.

Interpretation Introduction

b)

Interpretation:

R and S configuration is to be assigned to the molecules by re-orienting the substituent.

Concept introduction:

Rule 1:

a) Higher atomic number precedes lower.

b) An atom node duplicated closer to the root ranks higher than one duplicated further.

Rule 2: Higher atomic mass number precedes lower.

Rule 3: Z precedes E and this precedes nonstereogenic (nst) double bonds.

Rule 4:

a) Chiral stereogenic units precede pseudoasymmetric stereogenic units and these precede nonstereogenic units (R = S > r = s > nst).

b) When two ligards have different descriptor pairs, the one with the first chosen like descriptor pairs has priority over the one with a corresponding unlike descriptor pairs.

c) r precedes s.

Rule 5: An atom or group with descriptor R has priority over its enantiomorph S.

Interpretation Introduction

c)

Interpretation:

R and S configuration is to be assigned to the molecules by re-orienting the substituent.

Concept introduction:

Rule 1:

a) Higher atomic number precedes lower.

b) An atom node duplicated closer to the root ranks higher than one duplicated further.

Rule 2: Higher atomic mass number precedes lower.

Rule 3: Z precedes E and this precedes nonstereogenic (nst) double bonds.

Rule 4:

a) Chiral stereogenic units precede pseudoasymmetric stereogenic units and these precede nonstereogenic units (R = S > r = s > nst).

b) When two ligards have different descriptor pairs, the one with the first chosen like descriptor pairs has priority over the one with a corresponding unlike descriptor pairs.

c) r precedes s.

Rule 5: An atom or group with descriptor R has priority over its enantiomorph S.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 5.SE, Problem 41AP

Interpretation Introduction

a)

Interpretation:

R and S configuration is to be assigned to the molecules by re-orienting the substituent.

Concept introduction:

Rule 1:

a) Higher atomic number precedes lower.

b) An atom node duplicated closer to the root ranks higher than one duplicated further.

Rule 2: Higher atomic mass number precedes lower.

Rule 3: Z precedes E and this precedes nonstereogenic (nst) double bonds.

Rule 4:

a) Chiral stereogenic units precede pseudoasymmetric stereogenic units and these precede nonstereogenic units (R = S > r = s > nst).

b) When two ligards have different descriptor pairs, the one with the first chosen like descriptor pairs has priority over the one with a corresponding unlike descriptor pairs.

c) r precedes s.

Rule 5: An atom or group with descriptor R has priority over its enantiomorph S.

Interpretation Introduction

b)

Interpretation:

R and S configuration is to be assigned to the molecules by re-orienting the substituent.

Concept introduction:

Rule 1:

a) Higher atomic number precedes lower.

b) An atom node duplicated closer to the root ranks higher than one duplicated further.

Rule 2: Higher atomic mass number precedes lower.

Rule 3: Z precedes E and this precedes nonstereogenic (nst) double bonds.

Rule 4:

a) Chiral stereogenic units precede pseudoasymmetric stereogenic units and these precede nonstereogenic units (R = S > r = s > nst).

b) When two ligards have different descriptor pairs, the one with the first chosen like descriptor pairs has priority over the one with a corresponding unlike descriptor pairs.

c) r precedes s.

Rule 5: An atom or group with descriptor R has priority over its enantiomorph S.

Interpretation Introduction

c)

Interpretation:

R and S configuration is to be assigned to the molecules by re-orienting the substituent.

Concept introduction:

Rule 1:

a) Higher atomic number precedes lower.

b) An atom node duplicated closer to the root ranks higher than one duplicated further.

Rule 2: Higher atomic mass number precedes lower.

Rule 3: Z precedes E and this precedes nonstereogenic (nst) double bonds.

Rule 4:

a) Chiral stereogenic units precede pseudoasymmetric stereogenic units and these precede nonstereogenic units (R = S > r = s > nst).

b) When two ligards have different descriptor pairs, the one with the first chosen like descriptor pairs has priority over the one with a corresponding unlike descriptor pairs.

c) r precedes s.

Rule 5: An atom or group with descriptor R has priority over its enantiomorph S.

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Answer 5

Chapter 5.SE, Problem 41AP

Interpretation Introduction

a)

Interpretation:

R and S configuration is to be assigned to the molecules by re-orienting the substituent.

Concept introduction:

Rule 1:

a) Higher atomic number precedes lower.

b) An atom node duplicated closer to the root ranks higher than one duplicated further.

Rule 2: Higher atomic mass number precedes lower.

Rule 3: Z precedes E and this precedes nonstereogenic (nst) double bonds.

Rule 4:

a) Chiral stereogenic units precede pseudoasymmetric stereogenic units and these precede nonstereogenic units (R = S > r = s > nst).

b) When two ligards have different descriptor pairs, the one with the first chosen like descriptor pairs has priority over the one with a corresponding unlike descriptor pairs.

c) r precedes s.

Rule 5: An atom or group with descriptor R has priority over its enantiomorph S.

Interpretation Introduction

b)

Interpretation:

R and S configuration is to be assigned to the molecules by re-orienting the substituent.

Concept introduction:

Rule 1:

a) Higher atomic number precedes lower.

b) An atom node duplicated closer to the root ranks higher than one duplicated further.

Rule 2: Higher atomic mass number precedes lower.

Rule 3: Z precedes E and this precedes nonstereogenic (nst) double bonds.

Rule 4:

a) Chiral stereogenic units precede pseudoasymmetric stereogenic units and these precede nonstereogenic units (R = S > r = s > nst).

b) When two ligards have different descriptor pairs, the one with the first chosen like descriptor pairs has priority over the one with a corresponding unlike descriptor pairs.

c) r precedes s.

Rule 5: An atom or group with descriptor R has priority over its enantiomorph S.

Interpretation Introduction

c)

Interpretation:

R and S configuration is to be assigned to the molecules by re-orienting the substituent.

Concept introduction:

Rule 1:

a) Higher atomic number precedes lower.

b) An atom node duplicated closer to the root ranks higher than one duplicated further.

Rule 2: Higher atomic mass number precedes lower.

Rule 3: Z precedes E and this precedes nonstereogenic (nst) double bonds.

Rule 4:

a) Chiral stereogenic units precede pseudoasymmetric stereogenic units and these precede nonstereogenic units (R = S > r = s > nst).

b) When two ligards have different descriptor pairs, the one with the first chosen like descriptor pairs has priority over the one with a corresponding unlike descriptor pairs.

c) r precedes s.

Rule 5: An atom or group with descriptor R has priority over its enantiomorph S.

Answer 6

Chapter 5.SE, Problem 41AP

Interpretation Introduction

a)

Interpretation:

R and S configuration is to be assigned to the molecules by re-orienting the substituent.

Concept introduction:

Rule 1:

a) Higher atomic number precedes lower.

b) An atom node duplicated closer to the root ranks higher than one duplicated further.

Rule 2: Higher atomic mass number precedes lower.

Rule 3: Z precedes E and this precedes nonstereogenic (nst) double bonds.

Rule 4:

a) Chiral stereogenic units precede pseudoasymmetric stereogenic units and these precede nonstereogenic units (R = S > r = s > nst).

b) When two ligards have different descriptor pairs, the one with the first chosen like descriptor pairs has priority over the one with a corresponding unlike descriptor pairs.

c) r precedes s.

Rule 5: An atom or group with descriptor R has priority over its enantiomorph S.

Answer 7

Chapter 5.SE, Problem 41AP

Interpretation Introduction

a)

Interpretation:

R and S configuration is to be assigned to the molecules by re-orienting the substituent.

Concept introduction:

Rule 1:

a) Higher atomic number precedes lower.

b) An atom node duplicated closer to the root ranks higher than one duplicated further.

Rule 2: Higher atomic mass number precedes lower.

Rule 3: Z precedes E and this precedes nonstereogenic (nst) double bonds.

Rule 4:

a) Chiral stereogenic units precede pseudoasymmetric stereogenic units and these precede nonstereogenic units (R = S > r = s > nst).

b) When two ligards have different descriptor pairs, the one with the first chosen like descriptor pairs has priority over the one with a corresponding unlike descriptor pairs.

c) r precedes s.

Rule 5: An atom or group with descriptor R has priority over its enantiomorph S.

Answer 8

Interpretation Introduction

b)

Interpretation:

R and S configuration is to be assigned to the molecules by re-orienting the substituent.

Concept introduction:

Rule 1:

a) Higher atomic number precedes lower.

b) An atom node duplicated closer to the root ranks higher than one duplicated further.

Rule 2: Higher atomic mass number precedes lower.

Rule 3: Z precedes E and this precedes nonstereogenic (nst) double bonds.

Rule 4:

a) Chiral stereogenic units precede pseudoasymmetric stereogenic units and these precede nonstereogenic units (R = S > r = s > nst).

b) When two ligards have different descriptor pairs, the one with the first chosen like descriptor pairs has priority over the one with a corresponding unlike descriptor pairs.

c) r precedes s.

Rule 5: An atom or group with descriptor R has priority over its enantiomorph S.

Answer 9

Interpretation Introduction

b)

Interpretation:

R and S configuration is to be assigned to the molecules by re-orienting the substituent.

Concept introduction:

Rule 1:

a) Higher atomic number precedes lower.

b) An atom node duplicated closer to the root ranks higher than one duplicated further.

Rule 2: Higher atomic mass number precedes lower.

Rule 3: Z precedes E and this precedes nonstereogenic (nst) double bonds.

Rule 4:

a) Chiral stereogenic units precede pseudoasymmetric stereogenic units and these precede nonstereogenic units (R = S > r = s > nst).

b) When two ligards have different descriptor pairs, the one with the first chosen like descriptor pairs has priority over the one with a corresponding unlike descriptor pairs.

c) r precedes s.

Rule 5: An atom or group with descriptor R has priority over its enantiomorph S.

Answer 10

Interpretation Introduction

c)

Interpretation:

R and S configuration is to be assigned to the molecules by re-orienting the substituent.

Concept introduction:

Rule 1:

a) Higher atomic number precedes lower.

b) An atom node duplicated closer to the root ranks higher than one duplicated further.

Rule 2: Higher atomic mass number precedes lower.

Rule 3: Z precedes E and this precedes nonstereogenic (nst) double bonds.

Rule 4:

a) Chiral stereogenic units precede pseudoasymmetric stereogenic units and these precede nonstereogenic units (R = S > r = s > nst).

b) When two ligards have different descriptor pairs, the one with the first chosen like descriptor pairs has priority over the one with a corresponding unlike descriptor pairs.

c) r precedes s.

Rule 5: An atom or group with descriptor R has priority over its enantiomorph S.

Answer 11

Interpretation Introduction

c)

Interpretation:

R and S configuration is to be assigned to the molecules by re-orienting the substituent.

Concept introduction:

Rule 1:

a) Higher atomic number precedes lower.

b) An atom node duplicated closer to the root ranks higher than one duplicated further.

Rule 2: Higher atomic mass number precedes lower.

Rule 3: Z precedes E and this precedes nonstereogenic (nst) double bonds.

Rule 4:

a) Chiral stereogenic units precede pseudoasymmetric stereogenic units and these precede nonstereogenic units (R = S > r = s > nst).

b) When two ligards have different descriptor pairs, the one with the first chosen like descriptor pairs has priority over the one with a corresponding unlike descriptor pairs.

c) r precedes s.

Rule 5: An atom or group with descriptor R has priority over its enantiomorph S.

Answer 12

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Answer 23

Ch. 5.2 - Prob. 1P Ch. 5.2 - Prob. 2P Ch. 5.2 - Prob. 3P Ch. 5.2 - Prob. 4P Ch. 5.3 - Is cocaine (Worked Example 5-2) dextrorotatory or...Ch. 5.3 - Prob. 6P Ch. 5.5 - Prob. 7P Ch. 5.5 - Prob. 8P Ch. 5.5 - Prob. 9P Ch. 5.5 - Assign R or S configuration to the chirality...

Solution Summary: The author explains that R and S configuration is assigned to the molecules by re-orienting the substituent.

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