Campbell Biology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780134093413
Author: Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Jane B. Reece
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 56.4, Problem 2CC
MAKE CONNECTIONS → There are vast stores of organic matter in the soils of northern coniferous forests and tundra around the world. Suggest an explanation for why scientists who study global warming are closely monitoring these stores (see Figure 55.14).
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Chapter 56 Solutions
Campbell Biology (11th Edition)
Ch. 56.1 - Explain why it is too narrow to define the...Ch. 56.1 - Identify the four main threats to biodiversity and...Ch. 56.1 - WHAT IF? Imagine two populations of a fish...Ch. 56.2 - How does the reduced genetic diversity of small...Ch. 56.2 - If there were 100 greater prairie chickens in a...Ch. 56.2 - WHAT IF? In 2005, at least ten grizzly bears in...Ch. 56.3 - Prob. 1CCCh. 56.3 - Prob. 2CCCh. 56.3 - Prob. 3CCCh. 56.4 - How can the addition of excess mineral nutrients...
Ch. 56.4 - MAKE CONNECTIONS There are vast stores of organic...Ch. 56.4 - MAKE CONNECTIONS Mutagens are chemical and...Ch. 56.5 - What is meant by the term sustainable development?Ch. 56.5 - Prob. 2CCCh. 56.5 - WHAT IF? Suppose a new fishery is discovered, and...Ch. 56 - Give at least three examples of key ecosystem...Ch. 56 - Why is the minimum viable population size smaller...Ch. 56 - Prob. 56.3CRCh. 56 - Prob. 56.4CRCh. 56 - Prob. 56.5CRCh. 56 - One characteristic that distinguishes a population...Ch. 56 - The main cause of the increase in the amount of...Ch. 56 - Prob. 3TYUCh. 56 - Which of the following is a consequence of...Ch. 56 - Which of the following strategies would most...Ch. 56 - Of the following statements about protected areas...Ch. 56 - Prob. 7TYUCh. 56 - Prob. 8TYUCh. 56 - SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY (a) Estimate the average CO2....Ch. 56 - WRITE ABOUT A THEME: INTERACTIONS One factor...Ch. 56 - Prob. 11TYU
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- MAKE CONNECTIONS Review the discussion of feedback regulation in Concept 1.1. Could effects of globalwarming on peatlands alter CO2 concentrations in waysthat result in negative or positive feedback? Explain.arrow_forwardplease draw! Create a model which accurately, in detail, depicts the potential pathways of carbon (biomass) and energy in an ecosystem with at least five trophic levels (don’t forget your decomposers, they can count as one trophic level). Make sure to incorporate the multiple pathways that biomass and energy could take at each trophic level. Lastly, clearly illustrate how carbon and energy flow in this ecosystem. Be sure to include adequate levels of detail for all pathways and differentiate the flow of carbon and energy in your model.arrow_forwardThinking Analytically Is phytoplankton productivity highest at the ocean surface? What advantage would optimum productivity at a depth below the surface provide to phytoplankton?arrow_forward
- Local conditions, such as heavy rainfall or the removal of plants, may limit the amount of nitrogen, phosphorus, or calcium available to a particular terrestrial ecosystem, but the amount of carbon available to the ecosystem is seldom a problem. Why?arrow_forwardEnlarge Image Tundra Taiga A biome is large regional area of similar communities characterized by a dominant plant type and vegetative structure. Traditionally, biomes have been used to describe large geographical regions such as deserts, grasslands, forests, and tundras. The tundra occurs between the taiga and the permanently frozen polar regions while the taiga zone occupies a wide belt between the tundra and the temperate forests on the American and Eurasian continents. The plant and animal populations vary in these two biomes. 1) Review the images of the two biomes, the tundra and the taiga. Notice that while there are about 1,700 kinds of plants there are virtually no tree species in the tundra. What are the limiting factors in preventing the immigration of tree species into the tundra? All BUT ONE could apply. A) rocky, poor soil B) C) very short growing season the presence of permafrost D) winters are six months long 2) The taiga is the most extensive biome, stretching west…arrow_forwardECOLOGY HELP ECOLOGY HELP According to these maps, as temperature and precipitation increases tremendously in the Midwestern United States, what will be the best photosynthetic pathway for crops, C4 or CAM?arrow_forward
- Interconnectedness of the Biosphere and Atmosphere Question: Please propose an explanation for the correlation between the annual fluctuations of atmospheric Carbon Dioxide and annual cycles of phytoplankton biomass shown in the figures below. Describe the mechanisms that lead to the correlation you proposed. Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide SCIAMACHY/ENVISAT Northern Hemisphere SCIAMACHY 390 Mauna Loa, Hawaii, USA (3397 m), NOAA/ESRL Mace Head, Ireland (25 m), NOAA/ESRL 380 SCIAMACHY 370 XCO, [ppm] 364 376 388 360 Michael.Buchwitz@iup.physik.uni-bremen.de NOAA data: ftp://ftp.cmdl.noaa.gov/ccg/co2/flask/month/ 350 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 Year Fig. 1: Annual cycles of phytoplankton biomass in the Southern Ocean. MMMM Winter Summer 1200 1000 800 600 400 200 В I Integrated CO, mixing ratio [ppm] DIarrow_forward. WRITE ABOUT A THEME: INTERACTIONS Global warming isoccurring rapidly in arctic marine and terrestrial ecosystems.The reflective white snow and ice cover are melting quicklyand extensively, uncovering darker-colored ocean water, plants,and rocks. In a short essay (100–150 words), explain how thisprocess might exemplify positive feedback.arrow_forwardWRITE ABOUT A THEME: Energy and MatterDecomposition typically occurs quickly in moist tropicalforests. However, waterlogging in the soil of some moisttropical forests results over time in a buildup of organicmatter called “peat.” In a short essay (100–150 words), discussthe relationship of net primary production, net ecosystemproduction, and decomposition for such an ecosystem. AreNPP and NEP likely to be positive? What do you think wouldhappen to NEP if a landowner drained the water from atropical peatland, exposing the organic matter to air?arrow_forward
- MAKE CONNECTIONS As noted in Figure 52.15, theaddition of nutrients to a lake can cause an algal bloom.When these algae die, complex molecules in their bodiesare broken down by decomposers using aerobic respiration. Explain why this would reduce the lake’s oxygenlevels (see Concept 9.1)arrow_forwardIn a seagrass ecosystem, nutrients limit primary production under low nutrient (oligotrophic) condition, while light becomes the limiting factor under high nutrient (eutrophic) condition. Discuss how this happens with respect to the three primary producers (seagrass, macroalgae, phytoplankton) as the condition changes from oligotrophic to eutrophic.arrow_forwardIf decomposers usually grow faster and decompose material more quicklyin warmer ecosystems, why is decomposition in hot deserts relatively slow?arrow_forward
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