The normal anatomy, physiology, and function of the skin. Concept introduction: The largest organ present in the body is the skin that is involved in several functions and mainly covers the whole body. The skin is involved in sensation, protection, excretion, and absorption, regulation of temperature, and metabolism , and the skin functions as the protective barrier for the internal organs.

Question

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Answer 1

Question

Chapter 56, Problem 1O

Summary Introduction

To define:

The normal anatomy, physiology, and function of the skin.

Concept introduction:

The largest organ present in the body is the skin that is involved in several functions and mainly covers the whole body. The skin is involved in sensation, protection, excretion, and absorption, regulation of temperature, and metabolism, and the skin functions as the protective barrier for the internal organs.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

The anatomy and physiology of the skin:

The skin is made up of two layers that include the outer layer, which is called epidermis and the innermost layer, which is called dermis. The epidermis is composed of four layers such as stratum corneum, stratum licidum, stratum granulosum, and stratum germinativum. The epidermis gives the tone for the skin and also provides a waterproof barrier.

Stratum corneum: It is the outermost layer that contains dead cells called keratinocytes and it is converted into keratin protein. It is the protective layer for the skin.
Stratum licidum: It is translucent and visible only in the thick skin that contains flat cells.
Stratum granulosum: It is the middle layer of the epidermis and it is otherwise called granular layer. It is involved in the waterproofing function.
Stratum germinativum: This layer is involved in producing melanin and pigment for the skin.

The dermis is present below the epidermis that contains hair follicles, sweat glands, and connective tissue. Beneath the dermis, deeper subcutaneous fatty tissue or hypodermis is present that is made of connective and fat tissues. The dermis differs from the epidermis in several ways and it is rich in providing nerves, elastic tissue, connective tissue, vessels, and lymphatic tissue. The dermis also contains exocrine glands that include eccrine, apocrine, and sebaceous glands.

Sebaceous gland: It contains lipid cells, which produce the oil that protects the skin.

Eccrine gland: The eccrine glands are sweat glands that are present throughout the skin. It helps to avoid the dryness of the skin and regulate the temperature of the body.

Apocrine gland: It is mainly present in the area of the breast, genital organs, and axilla. These apocrine glands produce odor.

The function of the skin:

The important function of the skin is protected from the external agents that include microorganism and chemicals.
Maintains the pH of the skin from 4.5 to 5.5.
The skin also has the ability to feel the temperature, pain, and pressure.
The skin has the ability to excrete the electrolyte and fluid.
It also synthesizes vitamin D and stores fat.

Conclusion

The skin is the most important organ and it is involved in several functions, and the key role of the skin is to protect the body from severe water loss and pathogens.

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!

Students have asked these similar questions

Considering the kcals the patient is receiving from propofol and D51⁄2NS, what should be the rate (ml/hr) of the tube feeding you selected? 30 ml/hr 45 ml/hr 55 ml/hr 65 ml/hr

You are seeing a 68 year-old male patient admitted to the ICU. He is sedated on the ventilator with propofol at 20ml/hr, D51⁄2NS running at 75ml/hr. and a past medical history of DM2, obesity, CAD, HTN, and Pneumonia. Ht 172cm, Wt 72kg, Alb 2.3, VE=7.9 L/min, Tmax =38.4 C 4.1 What is the total kcal this patient is receiving before the initiation of TF (Hint: include propofol and D51⁄2 NS in calculation)? 306 kcal 528 kcal 678 kcal 834 kcal What is the estimated kcal goal for this patient? 1787 kcal 1847 kcal 1927 kcal 2317 kcal What is the estimated protein need for this patient? 45 – 50 g/day 86 – 108g/day 108 – 180g/day 144 – 188 g/day What type of tube feeding formula would you recommend for this patient? Standard 1.5 kcal/ml formula Glycemic control product, 1.0 kcal/ml Low residue, high protein, nutritionally balanced,1.2 kcal/ml High protein, calorie control product, 2.0 kcal/ml

You are seeing a 68 year-old male patient admitted to the ICU. He is sedated on the ventilator with propofol at 20ml/hr, D51⁄2NS running at 75ml/hr. and a past medical history of DM2, obesity, CAD, HTN, and Pneumonia. Ht 172cm, Wt 72kg, Alb 2.3, VE=7.9 L/min, Tmax =38.4 C 4.1 What is the total kcal this patient is receiving before the initiation of TF (Hint: include propofol and D51⁄2 NS in calculation)? 306 kcal 528 kcal 678 kcal 834 kcal Which estimated prediction equation will you recommend to calculate the kcal need for this patient? Penn State Equation (2003b): Mifflin(0.96)+ VE (31) + Tmax (167)-6212 MifflinStJeor =(10xW)+(6.25xHt)–(5xAge)+5 Harris-Benedict equation: kcal/day (male) = 66 +13.8 (W) + 5.0(H) – (6.8 x A) Ireton-Jones equations (1992)(ventilator-dependent): 1925 – 10 (A) + 5 (W) + 281 (S) + 292 (T) + 851 (B) What is the estimated kcal goal for this patient? 1787 kcal 1847 kcal 1927 kcal 2317 kcal What is the…

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 56, Problem 1O

Summary Introduction

To define:

The normal anatomy, physiology, and function of the skin.

Concept introduction:

The largest organ present in the body is the skin that is involved in several functions and mainly covers the whole body. The skin is involved in sensation, protection, excretion, and absorption, regulation of temperature, and metabolism, and the skin functions as the protective barrier for the internal organs.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

The anatomy and physiology of the skin:

The skin is made up of two layers that include the outer layer, which is called epidermis and the innermost layer, which is called dermis. The epidermis is composed of four layers such as stratum corneum, stratum licidum, stratum granulosum, and stratum germinativum. The epidermis gives the tone for the skin and also provides a waterproof barrier.

Stratum corneum: It is the outermost layer that contains dead cells called keratinocytes and it is converted into keratin protein. It is the protective layer for the skin.
Stratum licidum: It is translucent and visible only in the thick skin that contains flat cells.
Stratum granulosum: It is the middle layer of the epidermis and it is otherwise called granular layer. It is involved in the waterproofing function.
Stratum germinativum: This layer is involved in producing melanin and pigment for the skin.

The dermis is present below the epidermis that contains hair follicles, sweat glands, and connective tissue. Beneath the dermis, deeper subcutaneous fatty tissue or hypodermis is present that is made of connective and fat tissues. The dermis differs from the epidermis in several ways and it is rich in providing nerves, elastic tissue, connective tissue, vessels, and lymphatic tissue. The dermis also contains exocrine glands that include eccrine, apocrine, and sebaceous glands.

Sebaceous gland: It contains lipid cells, which produce the oil that protects the skin.

Eccrine gland: The eccrine glands are sweat glands that are present throughout the skin. It helps to avoid the dryness of the skin and regulate the temperature of the body.

Apocrine gland: It is mainly present in the area of the breast, genital organs, and axilla. These apocrine glands produce odor.

The function of the skin:

The important function of the skin is protected from the external agents that include microorganism and chemicals.
Maintains the pH of the skin from 4.5 to 5.5.
The skin also has the ability to feel the temperature, pain, and pressure.
The skin has the ability to excrete the electrolyte and fluid.
It also synthesizes vitamin D and stores fat.

Conclusion

The skin is the most important organ and it is involved in several functions, and the key role of the skin is to protect the body from severe water loss and pathogens.

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!

Answer 3

Question

Chapter 56, Problem 1O

Summary Introduction

To define:

The normal anatomy, physiology, and function of the skin.

Concept introduction:

The largest organ present in the body is the skin that is involved in several functions and mainly covers the whole body. The skin is involved in sensation, protection, excretion, and absorption, regulation of temperature, and metabolism, and the skin functions as the protective barrier for the internal organs.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

The anatomy and physiology of the skin:

The skin is made up of two layers that include the outer layer, which is called epidermis and the innermost layer, which is called dermis. The epidermis is composed of four layers such as stratum corneum, stratum licidum, stratum granulosum, and stratum germinativum. The epidermis gives the tone for the skin and also provides a waterproof barrier.

Stratum corneum: It is the outermost layer that contains dead cells called keratinocytes and it is converted into keratin protein. It is the protective layer for the skin.
Stratum licidum: It is translucent and visible only in the thick skin that contains flat cells.
Stratum granulosum: It is the middle layer of the epidermis and it is otherwise called granular layer. It is involved in the waterproofing function.
Stratum germinativum: This layer is involved in producing melanin and pigment for the skin.

The dermis is present below the epidermis that contains hair follicles, sweat glands, and connective tissue. Beneath the dermis, deeper subcutaneous fatty tissue or hypodermis is present that is made of connective and fat tissues. The dermis differs from the epidermis in several ways and it is rich in providing nerves, elastic tissue, connective tissue, vessels, and lymphatic tissue. The dermis also contains exocrine glands that include eccrine, apocrine, and sebaceous glands.

Sebaceous gland: It contains lipid cells, which produce the oil that protects the skin.

Eccrine gland: The eccrine glands are sweat glands that are present throughout the skin. It helps to avoid the dryness of the skin and regulate the temperature of the body.

Apocrine gland: It is mainly present in the area of the breast, genital organs, and axilla. These apocrine glands produce odor.

The function of the skin:

The important function of the skin is protected from the external agents that include microorganism and chemicals.
Maintains the pH of the skin from 4.5 to 5.5.
The skin also has the ability to feel the temperature, pain, and pressure.
The skin has the ability to excrete the electrolyte and fluid.
It also synthesizes vitamin D and stores fat.

Conclusion

The skin is the most important organ and it is involved in several functions, and the key role of the skin is to protect the body from severe water loss and pathogens.

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!

Answer 4

Question

Chapter 56, Problem 1O

Summary Introduction

To define:

The normal anatomy, physiology, and function of the skin.

Concept introduction:

The largest organ present in the body is the skin that is involved in several functions and mainly covers the whole body. The skin is involved in sensation, protection, excretion, and absorption, regulation of temperature, and metabolism, and the skin functions as the protective barrier for the internal organs.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

The anatomy and physiology of the skin:

The skin is made up of two layers that include the outer layer, which is called epidermis and the innermost layer, which is called dermis. The epidermis is composed of four layers such as stratum corneum, stratum licidum, stratum granulosum, and stratum germinativum. The epidermis gives the tone for the skin and also provides a waterproof barrier.

Stratum corneum: It is the outermost layer that contains dead cells called keratinocytes and it is converted into keratin protein. It is the protective layer for the skin.
Stratum licidum: It is translucent and visible only in the thick skin that contains flat cells.
Stratum granulosum: It is the middle layer of the epidermis and it is otherwise called granular layer. It is involved in the waterproofing function.
Stratum germinativum: This layer is involved in producing melanin and pigment for the skin.

The dermis is present below the epidermis that contains hair follicles, sweat glands, and connective tissue. Beneath the dermis, deeper subcutaneous fatty tissue or hypodermis is present that is made of connective and fat tissues. The dermis differs from the epidermis in several ways and it is rich in providing nerves, elastic tissue, connective tissue, vessels, and lymphatic tissue. The dermis also contains exocrine glands that include eccrine, apocrine, and sebaceous glands.

Sebaceous gland: It contains lipid cells, which produce the oil that protects the skin.

Eccrine gland: The eccrine glands are sweat glands that are present throughout the skin. It helps to avoid the dryness of the skin and regulate the temperature of the body.

Apocrine gland: It is mainly present in the area of the breast, genital organs, and axilla. These apocrine glands produce odor.

The function of the skin:

The important function of the skin is protected from the external agents that include microorganism and chemicals.
Maintains the pH of the skin from 4.5 to 5.5.
The skin also has the ability to feel the temperature, pain, and pressure.
The skin has the ability to excrete the electrolyte and fluid.
It also synthesizes vitamin D and stores fat.

Conclusion

The skin is the most important organ and it is involved in several functions, and the key role of the skin is to protect the body from severe water loss and pathogens.

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!

Answer 5

Chapter 56, Problem 1O

Summary Introduction

To define:

The normal anatomy, physiology, and function of the skin.

Concept introduction:

The largest organ present in the body is the skin that is involved in several functions and mainly covers the whole body. The skin is involved in sensation, protection, excretion, and absorption, regulation of temperature, and metabolism, and the skin functions as the protective barrier for the internal organs.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

The anatomy and physiology of the skin:

The skin is made up of two layers that include the outer layer, which is called epidermis and the innermost layer, which is called dermis. The epidermis is composed of four layers such as stratum corneum, stratum licidum, stratum granulosum, and stratum germinativum. The epidermis gives the tone for the skin and also provides a waterproof barrier.

Stratum corneum: It is the outermost layer that contains dead cells called keratinocytes and it is converted into keratin protein. It is the protective layer for the skin.
Stratum licidum: It is translucent and visible only in the thick skin that contains flat cells.
Stratum granulosum: It is the middle layer of the epidermis and it is otherwise called granular layer. It is involved in the waterproofing function.
Stratum germinativum: This layer is involved in producing melanin and pigment for the skin.

The dermis is present below the epidermis that contains hair follicles, sweat glands, and connective tissue. Beneath the dermis, deeper subcutaneous fatty tissue or hypodermis is present that is made of connective and fat tissues. The dermis differs from the epidermis in several ways and it is rich in providing nerves, elastic tissue, connective tissue, vessels, and lymphatic tissue. The dermis also contains exocrine glands that include eccrine, apocrine, and sebaceous glands.

Sebaceous gland: It contains lipid cells, which produce the oil that protects the skin.

Eccrine gland: The eccrine glands are sweat glands that are present throughout the skin. It helps to avoid the dryness of the skin and regulate the temperature of the body.

Apocrine gland: It is mainly present in the area of the breast, genital organs, and axilla. These apocrine glands produce odor.

The function of the skin:

The important function of the skin is protected from the external agents that include microorganism and chemicals.
Maintains the pH of the skin from 4.5 to 5.5.
The skin also has the ability to feel the temperature, pain, and pressure.
The skin has the ability to excrete the electrolyte and fluid.
It also synthesizes vitamin D and stores fat.

Conclusion

The skin is the most important organ and it is involved in several functions, and the key role of the skin is to protect the body from severe water loss and pathogens.

Answer 6

Chapter 56, Problem 1O

Summary Introduction

To define:

The normal anatomy, physiology, and function of the skin.

Concept introduction:

The largest organ present in the body is the skin that is involved in several functions and mainly covers the whole body. The skin is involved in sensation, protection, excretion, and absorption, regulation of temperature, and metabolism, and the skin functions as the protective barrier for the internal organs.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

The anatomy and physiology of the skin:

The skin is made up of two layers that include the outer layer, which is called epidermis and the innermost layer, which is called dermis. The epidermis is composed of four layers such as stratum corneum, stratum licidum, stratum granulosum, and stratum germinativum. The epidermis gives the tone for the skin and also provides a waterproof barrier.

Stratum corneum: It is the outermost layer that contains dead cells called keratinocytes and it is converted into keratin protein. It is the protective layer for the skin.
Stratum licidum: It is translucent and visible only in the thick skin that contains flat cells.
Stratum granulosum: It is the middle layer of the epidermis and it is otherwise called granular layer. It is involved in the waterproofing function.
Stratum germinativum: This layer is involved in producing melanin and pigment for the skin.

The dermis is present below the epidermis that contains hair follicles, sweat glands, and connective tissue. Beneath the dermis, deeper subcutaneous fatty tissue or hypodermis is present that is made of connective and fat tissues. The dermis differs from the epidermis in several ways and it is rich in providing nerves, elastic tissue, connective tissue, vessels, and lymphatic tissue. The dermis also contains exocrine glands that include eccrine, apocrine, and sebaceous glands.

Sebaceous gland: It contains lipid cells, which produce the oil that protects the skin.

Eccrine gland: The eccrine glands are sweat glands that are present throughout the skin. It helps to avoid the dryness of the skin and regulate the temperature of the body.

Apocrine gland: It is mainly present in the area of the breast, genital organs, and axilla. These apocrine glands produce odor.

The function of the skin:

The important function of the skin is protected from the external agents that include microorganism and chemicals.
Maintains the pH of the skin from 4.5 to 5.5.
The skin also has the ability to feel the temperature, pain, and pressure.
The skin has the ability to excrete the electrolyte and fluid.
It also synthesizes vitamin D and stores fat.

Conclusion

The skin is the most important organ and it is involved in several functions, and the key role of the skin is to protect the body from severe water loss and pathogens.

Answer 7

Chapter 56, Problem 1O

Summary Introduction

To define:

The normal anatomy, physiology, and function of the skin.

Concept introduction:

The largest organ present in the body is the skin that is involved in several functions and mainly covers the whole body. The skin is involved in sensation, protection, excretion, and absorption, regulation of temperature, and metabolism, and the skin functions as the protective barrier for the internal organs.

Answer 8

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

The anatomy and physiology of the skin:

The skin is made up of two layers that include the outer layer, which is called epidermis and the innermost layer, which is called dermis. The epidermis is composed of four layers such as stratum corneum, stratum licidum, stratum granulosum, and stratum germinativum. The epidermis gives the tone for the skin and also provides a waterproof barrier.

Stratum corneum: It is the outermost layer that contains dead cells called keratinocytes and it is converted into keratin protein. It is the protective layer for the skin.
Stratum licidum: It is translucent and visible only in the thick skin that contains flat cells.
Stratum granulosum: It is the middle layer of the epidermis and it is otherwise called granular layer. It is involved in the waterproofing function.
Stratum germinativum: This layer is involved in producing melanin and pigment for the skin.

The dermis is present below the epidermis that contains hair follicles, sweat glands, and connective tissue. Beneath the dermis, deeper subcutaneous fatty tissue or hypodermis is present that is made of connective and fat tissues. The dermis differs from the epidermis in several ways and it is rich in providing nerves, elastic tissue, connective tissue, vessels, and lymphatic tissue. The dermis also contains exocrine glands that include eccrine, apocrine, and sebaceous glands.

Sebaceous gland: It contains lipid cells, which produce the oil that protects the skin.

Eccrine gland: The eccrine glands are sweat glands that are present throughout the skin. It helps to avoid the dryness of the skin and regulate the temperature of the body.

Apocrine gland: It is mainly present in the area of the breast, genital organs, and axilla. These apocrine glands produce odor.

The function of the skin:

The important function of the skin is protected from the external agents that include microorganism and chemicals.
Maintains the pH of the skin from 4.5 to 5.5.
The skin also has the ability to feel the temperature, pain, and pressure.
The skin has the ability to excrete the electrolyte and fluid.
It also synthesizes vitamin D and stores fat.

Answer 9

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 10

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 11

Conclusion

The skin is the most important organ and it is involved in several functions, and the key role of the skin is to protect the body from severe water loss and pathogens.

Answer 12

Ch. 56 - Prob. 1O Ch. 56 - Prob. 2O Ch. 56 - Prob. 3O Ch. 56 - Prob. 4O Ch. 56 - Prob. 5O Ch. 56 - Prob. 1CS Ch. 56 - Prob. 1NERQ Ch. 56 - Prob. 2NERQ Ch. 56 - Prob. 3NERQ Ch. 56 - Prob. 4NERQ

Explanation of Solution

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Chapter 56 Solutions