Campbell Biology (10th Edition)
10th Edition
ISBN: 9780321775658
Author: Jane B. Reece, Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Robert B. Jackson
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 55.4, Problem 1CC
DRAW IT Ø For each of the four biogeochemical cycles in Figure 55.14, draw a simple diagram that shows one possible path for an atom of that chemical from abiotic to biotic reservoirs and back.
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Matter is continually recycled between abiotic and biotic components of Earth's ecosystem in biogeochemical cycles. the various cycles differ from one another in several key aspects of their storage, conversion and modes of transport.
A. Describe the critical processes by which nitrogen is cycled through the biotic and abiotic components of earth’s atmosphere and identify the primary storage sink for nitrogen
4.2 What happens if there's a natural disturbance (drought)
affecting the balance of the food chain so that the Sun +E
can supply only 4 energy units per plant? Compute for
energy units following the table above and answer the
following questions:
No.
No. units
Mean no.
individuals No. of units No. units No. units remaining &
passed on to
next trophic
units
in each
received
used/indi used in
available per
trophic from trophic vidual
level
Trophic
individual in
trophic
level
Levels
level above (Resp)
level
trophic level
SUN +E = 4
1) Plants
30
2
2) Grasshopper
3) Frog
19
2
12
2
4) Snake
8
2
5) Owl
4
2
The biogeochemical cycles are:
Thermodynamic processes that end in the same process in which they
started.
They are cycles that describe the different types of energy in an ecosystem.
They are phases through which the chemical elements pass in the form of
molecules through the air and water.
Those that represent the continuous circulation of various nutrients.
Chapter 55 Solutions
Campbell Biology (10th Edition)
Ch. 55.1 - Why is the transfer of energy in an ecosystem...Ch. 55.1 - WHAT IF? You are studying nitrogen cycling on the...Ch. 55.1 - MAKE CONNECTIONS Use the second law of...Ch. 55.2 - Why is only a small portion of the solar energy...Ch. 55.2 - How can ecologists experimentally determine the...Ch. 55.2 - MAKE CONNECTIONS Explain how nitrogen and...Ch. 55.3 - If an insect that eats plant seeds containing 100...Ch. 55.3 - Prob. 2CCCh. 55.3 - Prob. 3CCCh. 55.4 - DRAW IT For each of the four biogeochemical...
Ch. 55.4 - Why does deforestation of a watershed increase the...Ch. 55.4 - WHAT IF? Why is nutrient availability in a...Ch. 55.5 - Prob. 1CCCh. 55.5 - Prob. 2CCCh. 55 - Considering the second law of thermodynamics,...Ch. 55 - Prob. 55.2CRCh. 55 - Why would runners hove a lower production...Ch. 55 - If decomposers usually grow faster and decompose...Ch. 55 - In preparing a site for surface mining and later...Ch. 55 - Which of the following organisms is incorrectly...Ch. 55 - Prob. 2TYUCh. 55 - The discipline that applies ecological principles...Ch. 55 - Level 2: Application/Analysis 4. Nitrifying...Ch. 55 - Which of the following has the greatest effect on...Ch. 55 - Prob. 6TYUCh. 55 - Which of the following would be considered an...Ch. 55 - Prob. 8TYUCh. 55 - Level 3: Synthesis/Evaluation 9. DRAW IT (a) Draw...Ch. 55 - Prob. 10TYUCh. 55 - Prob. 11TYUCh. 55 - WRITE ABOUT A THEME: ENERGY AND MATTER...Ch. 55 - Prob. 13TYU
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- support or refute the following statements based on what you learned about energy flow, biogeochemical cycling, decomposition, trophic levels, and keystone species. You may add a diagram or illustration to support your answer. Planting mangroves is better than putting dolomite sand on the coast of the polluted Manila Bay.arrow_forwardFigure 20.12 Which of the following statements about the nitrogen cycle is false? a. Ammonification converts organic nitrogenous matter from living organisms into ammonium (NH4+) . b. Denitrification by bacteria converts nitrates (NO3) to nitrogen gas (N2) . c. Nitrification by bacteria converts nitrates (NO3) to nitrites (NO2) . d. Nitrogen fixing bacteria convert nitrogen gas (N2) into organic compounds.arrow_forwardFigure 46.17 Which of the following statements about the nitrogen cycle is false? Ammonification converts organic nitrogenous matter from living organisms into ammonium (NH4+). Denitrification by bacteria converts nitrates (NO3-) to nitrogen gas (N2). Nitrification by bacteria converts nitrates (NO3 ) to nitrites (NO2-). Nitrogen fixing bacteria convert nitrogen gas (N2) into organic compounds.arrow_forward
- In an ocean ecosystem, the biomass of an algal community is approximately 3000 kilograms. It can support a food chain up to 4 levels. Considering an efficiency at an average of 10% in passing on energy from one trophic level to the next level, how much biomass of the fourth trophic level can be maintained.arrow_forwardThe direction of the arrows in a trophic chain (as the one in the figure below) represents... A E O B) direction of movement of matter O Both B and C O A, B, and C O A) direction of consumption, from higher level consumer to lower level consumer O C) direction of movement of energy O Both A and Carrow_forwardAll biotic and abiotic factors are interrelated. In nature you will find that if one factor is changed or removed, it impacts the availability of other resources within the system. Knowing this, give an example of what might happen given the following situations. In the areas with the open space place either an A for abiotic or B for biotic to identify what the object is.arrow_forward
- Students from Westbury High School participated in a study of the Willow Waterhole Pond. After safely taking samples of some small fish, a fish-eating hawk, some pond water, some zooplankton, and a fish that preys on the small fish, they determined the average concentration of compound "Z" in each sample. The table below summarizes their data. Build a food chain that illustrates the correct trophic order in the pond. Include the concentrations of compound "Z" for each part of the chain. Describe one natural process that would cause compound "Z" to contaminate the pond's water. (Please write in complete sentences.)arrow_forwardA pyramid of biomass shows the mass of all of the organisms in each trophic level of an ecosystem . Look at the biomass pyramid to the right . Based on the data shown , how many kilograms of plant matter would be needed to support the other trophic levels in this ecosystem ?arrow_forwardThis figure has three graphs that have important implications for understanding how carbon flow and elements cycle through ecosystems through decomposition. The figures show data on the decomposition rates in a tropical forest. Please select all of the statements that are reasonable of at least one of the figures. interpretations Daily rate of mass loss (k) from 0 to 50 days (b) 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.0 0 Leaf mass remaining (percent) (a) 100% 80 4 60 40 20 0 0 50 100 150 Days of decomposition 12 16 8 Leaf solubility (mg C/g dry leaf) (c) Daily rate of mass loss (k) from 51 to 230 days 0.009 0.006 0.003 0.000 200 Trumpet tree Inga tree Kapok tree Brazilian firetree 250 2 3 Ratio of leaf lignin:leaf nitrogen 4 Relyea, Ecology, 9e, Ⓒ2021 W. H. Freeman and Company O Leaves that release more soluble carbon pounds decompose much faster than those that release less Leaves that are rich in nitrogen relative to lignin decompose much faster increasing the rate of the nitrogen…arrow_forward
- An estimated 1000 kg of plant plankton are needed to produce 100 kg of animal plankton. The animal plankton is in turned consumed by 10 kg of fish, the amount needed by a person to gain 1 kg of body mass. i) explain why the amount of biomass declines at each successive trophic level.arrow_forwardWith reference to the phosphorus cycle, explain the benefits of phosphate solubilizing microorganisms to plants and Discuss how the activities of symbionts in a mutualistic association can lead to microbial weathering (1000 words).arrow_forwardPhytoplankton is an aquatic autotroph. Describe its role in the food web. refer to picturearrow_forward
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