Configuration has to be assigned to each of the given amino acids and the exceptional amino acid should be determined. Concept introduction: Amino acids are the molecules containing an amine group, a carboxylic group, and a side-chain that is specific to each amino acid. They are the basic structural building units of protein and other biomolecules. Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen are the key elements in amino acid. General structure of an amino acid can be drawn as follows, Chiral centre: A chiral centre is defined as the tetrahedral carbon atom in an organic molecule that is connected to four non-identical groups/substituents. It is sometimes known as a stereo genic centre. Chirality: The geometric property of molecules where the structure of the molecule and its mirror image are not superimposable is known as chirality. Chiral molecules are optically active and they can rotate the plane polarized light. R and S nomenclature: it is used to assign the molecule using CIP (Cahn-Ingold-Prelog) rules. The CIP rules are as follows: Select the chiral carbon and assign the numbers according to the decreasing atomic mass of atoms attached to it. If the numbering follows clockwise direction then the molecule is termed as R and if it follows anti-clockwise direction then molecule is termed as S.

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Chapter 5.3, Problem 10ATS

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Configuration has to be assigned to each of the given amino acids and the exceptional amino acid should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Amino acids are the molecules containing an amine group, a carboxylic group, and a side-chain that is specific to each amino acid. They are the basic structural building units of protein and other biomolecules.

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen are the key elements in amino acid.

General structure of an amino acid can be drawn as follows,

Chiral centre: A chiral centre is defined as the tetrahedral carbon atom in an organic molecule that is connected to four non-identical groups/substituents. It is sometimes known as a stereo genic centre.

Chirality: The geometric property of molecules where the structure of the molecule and its mirror image are not superimposable is known as chirality. Chiral molecules are optically active and they can rotate the plane polarized light.

R and S nomenclature: it is used to assign the molecule using CIP (Cahn-Ingold-Prelog) rules.

The CIP rules are as follows:

Select the chiral carbon and assign the numbers according to the decreasing atomic mass of atoms attached to it.

If the numbering follows clockwise direction then the molecule is termed as R and if it follows anti-clockwise direction then molecule is termed as S.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Glycine (an amino acid) is an achiral molecule. The reason behind this has to be explained.

Concept introduction:

Amino acids are the molecules containing an amine group, a carboxylic group, and a side-chain that is specific to each amino acid. They are the basic structural building units of protein and other biomolecules.

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen are the key elements in amino acid.

General structure of an amino acid can be drawn as follows,

Chiral centre: A chiral centre is defined as the tetrahedral carbon atom in an organic molecule that is connected to four non-identical groups/substituents. It is sometimes known as a stereo genic centre.

Chirality: The geometric property of molecules where the structure of the molecule and its mirror image are not superimposable is known as chirality. Chiral molecules are optically active and they can rotate the plane polarized light.

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