Problem Solving with C++ (9th Edition)
Problem Solving with C++ (9th Edition)
9th Edition
ISBN: 9780133591743
Author: Walter Savitch
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 5.2, Problem 10STE
Program Plan Intro

void Functions:

  • A function must either return a single or no value at all.
  • A function that would not return a value is termed as “void” function.
  • The “void” function is been defined in same way as function that would return a value.
  • It implements only subtask for complete problem.
  • If a “void” function is called, formal parameters are substituted with arguments.
  • The statements in function body are executed.
  • The “return” statement specifies value that is been returned.

Call-by-Reference:

  • It is a method for substituting arguments.
  • The corresponding argument is substituted for formal parameter.
  • The argument for a function call might be a variable.
  • This argument variable is substituted for formal parameter.
  • It is similar to copying of argument variables into function definition body in place of formal parameter.
  • The code in function body is executed once argument is substituted.
  • This code can change argument variable value.
  • The ampersand sign (&) is attached to end of type name in formal parameter list in both function declaration as well as function header definition.

Call-by-value:

  • It copies the actual value of an argument into function’s formal parameter.
  • The changes made to parameter inside function have no effect on argument.
  • This method is used in default in programs.
  • The code within a function could not alter arguments used for calling function.

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