Biology
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781259188138
Author: Peter H Raven, George B Johnson Professor, Kenneth A. Mason Dr. Ph.D., Jonathan Losos Dr., Susan Singer
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Textbook Question
Chapter 50, Problem 3A
Diuretics are drugs that can be used to treat high blood pressure by increasing urinary output. Possible mechanisms of action in the kidney include
a. increasing ADH secretion.
b. inhibition of NaCl reabsorption from the loop of Henle or the proximal tubule.
c. increasing permeability of the collecting duct.
d. increasing NaCl reabsorption in the proximal tubule.
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Students have asked these similar questions
If aldosterone was inhibited, which of the following would be affected?
A. Na+/K+ pump activity in the descending limb of Henle.
B. Na+ reabsorption in the proximal tubule.
C. Transcellular transportation in the distal convoluted tubule.
D. K+ reabsorption in the proximal
The major action of ADH in the kidneys is to:a. increase water absorption by the proximal convoluted tubule.b. increase glomerular filtration rate.c. increase water reabsorption by the collecting duct.d. increase potassium’s excretion.
The result of renal autoregulation is(are):
A. Minimize loss of water in urine after an increase of cardiac output
B. Minimize decrease of ECF after an increase of cardiac output
C. Minimize effect of increased systemic pressure on urine output
OD. Minimize loss of sodium in urine after an increase of cardiac output
OE. All of the above
Chapter 50 Solutions
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- Which of the following does not contribute to the high salt concentration in the interstitial fluid of the kidney medulla? (a) active transport of sodium from the upper part of the ascending limb (b) diffusion of salt from the ascending limb of the loop of Henle (c) reabsorption of salt from various regions of Bowmans capsule (d) counterflow of fluid through the two limbs of the loop of Henle (e) diffusion of urea out of the collecting ductarrow_forwardWhich of the following does not contribute to the process of filtration? (a) active transport by epithelial cells lining renal tubules (b) large surface area for filtration (c) low permeability of glomerular capillaries (d) high hydrostatic blood pressure in glomerular capillaries (e) podocytesarrow_forwardBlood pressure forces water and small solutes out of blood and into nephrons during ________. a. glomerular filtration c. tubular secretion b. tubular reabsorption d. both a and carrow_forward
- Figure 41.8 Loop diuretics are drugs sometimes used to treat hypertension. These drugs inhibit the reabsorption of Na+ and Cl- ions by the ascending limb of the loop of Henle. A side effect is that they increase urination. Why do you think this is the case?arrow_forwardAs the text noted, two-thirds of the water and solutes that the body reclaims by reabsorption in nephrons occurs in the proximal tubule. Proximal tubule cells have large numbers of mitochondria and demand a great deal of oxygen. Explain why.arrow_forwardExplain what is meant when we talk about filtration, reabsorption, and secretion in the kidneys.arrow_forward
- Which one of the following statements is false?a. Blood pressure in the glomerular capillaries is greater than the osmotic pressure exerted by proteins in the plasma within the glomerular capillaries.b. If the osmotic pressure exerted by solutes in the peritubular capillaries is greater than the blood pressure in those capillaries, then water will be reabsorbed.c. Endothelial cells in glomerular capillaries are highly permeable, facilitating filtration of fluid into Bowman’s capsule.d. Constriction of the afferent arteriole is likely to reduce the volume of filtrate appearing in Bowman’s capsule.e. The efferent arteriole carries blood from the glomerular capillaries directly to the renal vein.0.5 pointsQuestion 2Your doctor calls with the results of your urinalysis and tells you that they found proteinuria, the presence of abnormal amounts of protein in your urine sample. What could have caused this?a. Infection and inflammation in the kidney.b. Abnormally high concentration of plasma…arrow_forwarda patient with diabetes has been diagnosed with metabolic acidosis. identify the mechanisms by which the body will adapt, CHECK ALL THAT APPLY a. reabsorption of H ions from proximal convoluted tubule b. increased respiratory rate c. decreased filtration of HCO3 in glomerular capsule d. reabsorption of filtered HCO3 from the proximal convoluted tubule e. secretion of H ions by the intercalated cellsarrow_forwardGlomerular filtration can be increased by which of the following? A. Increasing blood flow via afferent arteriole B. Decreasing blood flow via afferent arteriole C. Decreasing arterial blood pressure D. Increasing blood flow via efferent arteriole The answer is (A) Increasing blood flow via afferent arteriole. Please explain why it is not the other options (B,C,D)arrow_forward
- Which of the following is TRUE concerning renal handling of potassium? a. A high potassium meal will cause enhanced basolateral uptake via sodium-potassium pumps b. Most potassium reabsorption occurs at the distal tubules c. Aldosterone enhances potassium reabsorption at the proximal tubule d. Potassium is not filtered, so urinary excretion of potassium will only occur by stimulating potassium secretion e. Decreased extracellular potassium concentration increases aldosterone production and thereby reduces potassium secretionarrow_forwardwhich of the following is a response to the release of antidiuretic hormone? a. urine volume increases b. positive feedback occurs leading to the release of more ADH c. water reabsorption increases at the collecting duct d. blood osmolarity increasesarrow_forwardWhich is the correct answer for kidney from the following statement(s)? Local production of prostaglandin in kidney protects kidney from ischemic injury. a. Sympathetic stimulation has no effect on afferent and efferent arterioles so that kidney is protected from undergoing ischemia. b. Kidney is vulnerable to ischemic injury. C. d. NSAID inhibits production of angiotensin I. Only (a) and (c) are CORRECT e.arrow_forward
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