Chapter 5, Problem 5.94SP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The meaning of the term effective nuclear charge ${\text{Z}}_{\text{eff}}$ and its cause needs to be explained.

Concept introduction:

An atom consists of three sub-atomic particles; electrons, protons and neutrons. Here the protons and neutrons are placed in the nucleus at the center of atom whereas electrons are placed in certain energy levels around the nucleus.

Bohr’s model purposed the concept of energy levels around the nucleus. It was the first most accepted atomic model. The quantum mechanical model is based on certain concepts like quantum numbers, Heisenberg uncertainty principle, etc.