
(a)
Interpretation: The reason for putting all elements on the same horizontal line and reason for calling
Concept introduction: The amount of energy released or absorbed during the formation of one mole of product from its pure elements at standard conditions is known as enthalpy of formation.
To determine: The reason for putting all elements on the same horizontal line
(b)
To determine: The reason for calling
(c)
To determine: The heat of the reaction that converts a stoichiometric mixture of

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