Chapter 5, Problem 5.64P

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5.34 Shown in Fig. P5.34 is a system consisting of a power cycle and a heat pump cycle, each operating between hot and cold reservoirs whose temperature are 500 K and 300 K, respectively. All energy transfers are positive in the directions of the arrows. The accompany- ing table provides two sets of steady-state data, in kW. For each set of data, determine if the system is operating in accord with the first and second laws of thermodynamics. Power Cycle Heat Pump Sheet1 Qc Weycle Wayde (a) 60 40 20 80 60 20 (b) 120 80 40 100 80 20 Hot reservoir, TH= 500 K QH Weycle cycle Power cycle Heat pump Qc Cold reservoir, Tc = 300 K FIGURE P5.34

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Q1. Considering the example of refrigerator as system, define and provide the example from the refrigerator system to each of the following: 1. Open system 2. Closed system 3. Independent and dependent property 4. Intensive and extensive property 5. Equilibrium Q2. Considering the example of automotive vehicle system (car), define and provide the example from the car system to each of the following: 1. Isobaric process 2. Isothermal process 3. Isochoric process 4. Adiabatic process 5. Steady state and unsteady state process

1. A gas within a piston-cylinder assembly undergoes a thermodynamic cycle consisting of three processes: Process 1-2: Compression with PV = constant, from P₁ = 1 bar, V₁ = 2 m³ to V₂ = 0.2 m³, U₂ − U₁ = 100 kJ; 2 Process 2-3: Constant volume to P3 = P₁; Process 3-1: Constant-pressure and adiabatic process. Neglect the changes of kinetic and potential energy in all three processes. (a) Sketch the cycle on a P-V diagram; (b) Determine the net work (i.e., W12 + W23 + W31) of the cycle, in kJ; (c) Determine the heat transfer for process 2-3, in kJ. Hint: System's state variables remain unchanged after a cycle, i.e. (U₂ − U₁) + (U3 − U₂) + (U₁ − U3) = 0

6.5

1. In system, no mass can cross its boundary. However, it only allows energy transfer across its boundary o Control system o Closed system o Isolated system 2. Heat transferred to a system and work done by a system are always positive. o True o False 3. —— is a device that decreases the velocity of a fluid by increasing its pressure. o Nozzle o Diffuser o Compressor o Turbine 4. A heat engine may not reject any heat to a low-temperature reservoir and still can complete a cycle. o True o False 5. Heat is removed from the compartment of a refrigerator at a rate of 250 kJ/min. The refrigerator consumes 0.8 kW, determine the COP of the refrigerator. 6. It has been proved experimentally by joule that the internal energy is a function of o Temperature only o Pressure only o Volume only o All together 7. The combination of flow energy and internal energy gives - 8. A process during which there is no heat transfer o Adiabatic o Isentropic o Polytropic o Isothermal 9. Heat is transferred to a…

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3.5 A heat pump is a closed system that operates steadily (or in cycles) while requiring the mechanical power input W, absorbing the heat transfer rate 2o from the ambient, and transferring heat at the rate Qu to the inside of a house. In the steady state, the house temperature remains constant as the heating effect QH is balanced by the heat that leaks to the ambient through the house insulation. The heat pump operates irreversibly. Show that the power requirement of the heat pump is proportional to the rate of entropy generation in the entire region where the temperature is higher than the ambient temperature To. Which features and components are responsible for this entropy generation rate?