FUND OF ENG THERMODYN(LLF)+WILEYPLUS
9th Edition
ISBN: 9781119391777
Author: MORAN
Publisher: WILEY
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Identify the first law of thermodynamics as simply a statement of the conservation of energy principle for closed (fixed-mass) systems.
A pure crystalline substance at absolute zero temperature is in perfect order, and its entropy is zero (the third law of thermodynamics).
answer the following true or false.
(a) A process that violates the second law of thermodynamics violates the first law of thermodynamics.
(b) When a net amount of work is done on a closed system undergoing an internally reversible process, a net heat transfer of energy from the system also occurs.
(c) A closed system can experience an increase in entropy only when a net amount of entropy is transferred into the system.
(d) The change in entropy of a closed system is the same for every process between two specified end states.
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- what is thermodynamic second law?arrow_forwardwhat can happen to the universe as entropy increases?arrow_forwardA divider separates 1 lb mass of carbon monoxide (CO) from a thermal reservoir at 150o F. the carbon monoxide, initially at 60o F and 150 lbf/in2, expands isothermally to a final pressure of 10 lbf/in2 while receiving heat transfer through the divider from the reservoir. The carbon monoxide can be modeled as an ideal gas. (a) For the carbon monoxide as the system, evaluate the work and heat transfer, each in Btu and the amount of entropy produced, in Btu/oR. (b) Evaluate the entropy production, in Btu/oR, for an enlarged system that includesthe carbon monoxide and the divider, assuming the state of the divider remains unchanged. Compare with the entropy production of part (a) and comment on the difference.arrow_forward
- A 60-lb aluminum bar, initially at T₂ = 150°F, is placed in a tank together with 190 lb of liquid water, initially at Tw= 70°F, and allowed to achieve thermal equilibrium. The aluminum bar and water can be modeled as incompressible with specific heats c₂ = 0.216 Btu/lb.ºR and cw = 0.998 Btu/lb.°R, respectively. Consider the aluminum bar and water as the system and ignore heat transfer between the system and its surroundings. Determine the final temperature Tf, in °F, and the amount of entropy produced within the tank, in Btu/°R.arrow_forwardThird law of thermodynamics is concerned with: a. the value of absolute entropy b. energy transfer c. direction of energy transfer d. none of thesearrow_forwardDiscuss the relationships between the various formulations of the Second Law of thermodynamics.arrow_forward
- A gas undergoes isobaric expansion at 0.05 bar from 0.1 m³ to 1.0 m³ when 2.0 KiloJoules of heat is applied to it. Which of the following is true regarding the work, heat and the change in internal energy involed in this change (all quantities in KiloJoules)? A. +4.5, -2.0, +2.5 B. -4.5, +2.0, -2.5 C. +4.5, +2.0, +6.5 D. -4.5, -2.0, -6.5arrow_forwardDescribe the Kelvin–Planck and Clausius statements of the second law of thermodynamics.arrow_forwardDefine first law of thermodynamics and explain it ?arrow_forward
- The Clausius statement of the 2nd law of thermodynamics states that....arrow_forwardDuring a steady flow process, the pressure of the working substance drops from 100 to 20 psia, the velocity increases from 200 to 1200 fps, the internal energy decreases 25 Btu/lb., and the volume increases from 1 to 6 cu.ft/lb. If the heat transferred is zero, what is the work of 1 lb. of the substance in Btu?arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements describes the third law of thermodynamics?-The enthalpy of the universe is decreasing-The entropy of the universe is decreasing-The enthalpy of the universe is increasing-The entropy of the universe is increasing-The entropy of a perfect crystal is zero at 0 K-The enthalpy of the universe is constant-The entropy of all objects is zero at 0 K-The entropy of the universe is constantarrow_forward
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