Reffering to fair value of an asset, division, or organization, What exactly is fair value and how is it assessed?

The following transactions involving intangible assets of Oriole Corporation occurred on or near December 31, 2025. 1.) Oriole paid Grand Company $520,000 for the exclusive right to market a particular product, using the Grand name and logo in promotional material. The franchise runs for as long as Oriole is in business. 2.) Oriole spent $654,000 developing a new manufacturing process. It has applied for a patent, and it believes that its application will be successful.  3.) In January 2026, Oriole's application for a patent (#2 above) was granted. Legal and registration costs incurred were $247,800. The patent runs for 20 years. The manufacturing process will be useful to Oriole for 10 years. 4.) Oriole incurred $168,000 in successfully defending one of its patents in an infringement suit. The patent expires during December 2029. Oriole incurred 5.) $446,400 in an unsuccessful patent defense. As a result of the adverse verdict, the patent, with a remaining unamortized cost of…

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