Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation: The difference in the behavior of the sample of gas and liquid should be determined if the sample is transferred from one container to a large one.
Concept introduction:
Interconversion of physical
For example, at high temperatures and at a certain pressure, solid changes to a liquid, and liquid changes to a gas.
(a)
Answer to Problem 5.1P
When a sample of gas is transferred from one container to a large one, the volume of the gas increases to the volume of the larger container whereas the volume of the liquid remains constant.
Explanation of Solution
The gaseous state of matter has a large intermolecular distance between particles with the weakest intermolecular force between them. Due to high kinetic energy, the particles can move randomly so they occupy the volume of the container. On the contrary, liquids have fixed volume due to stronger intermolecular forces between particles compared to gases. When a sample of gas is transferred from one container to a large one, the volume of the gas increases to the volume of the larger container whereas the volume of the liquid remains constant.
(b)
Interpretation: The difference in the behavior of the sample of gas and liquid should be determined if the sample is heated in an expandable container without any change in the state of matter.
Concept introduction:
Interconversion of physical states of matter refers to the application of temperature and pressure to change one physical state of matter into another.
For example, at high temperatures and at a certain pressure, solid changes to a liquid, and liquid changes to a gas.
(b)
Answer to Problem 5.1P
When a sample of gas is heated in an expandable container without a change of physical state, then the volume of the container will increase whereas the volume of a sample with liquid does not change on heating.
Explanation of Solution
The gaseous state of matter has a large intermolecular distance between particles with the weakest intermolecular force between them. On the contrary, liquids have fixed volume due to stronger intermolecular forces between particles compared to gases. When a sample of gas is heated in an expandable container without a change of physical state, then the volume of the gas will increase whereas the volume of a sample with liquid does not change on heating.
(c)
Interpretation: The difference in the behavior of the sample of gas and liquid should be determined if the sample is placed in a cylinder with a piston and external force is applied.
Concept introduction:
Interconversion of physical states of matter refers to the application of temperature and pressure to change one physical state of matter into another.
For example, at high temperatures and at a certain pressure, solid changes to a liquid, and liquid changes to a gas.
(c)
Answer to Problem 5.1P
When a sample of gas is placed in a cylinder with a piston and external force is applied, the volume of the liquid remains constant whereas the volume of the gas is reduced.
Explanation of Solution
The gaseous state of matter has a large intermolecular distance between particles with the weakest intermolecular force between them. On the contrary, liquids have fixed volume due to stronger intermolecular forces and lesser intermolecular space between particles compared to gases. When a sample of gas is placed in a cylinder with a piston and external force is applied, the volume of the liquid remains constant as liquids are not compressible whereas the volume of the gas is reduced because gases are highly compressible due to large intermolecular distance.
Want to see more full solutions like this?
Chapter 5 Solutions
CHEMISTRY: MOLECULAR NATURE OF MATTER
- In an effort to reduce costs and increase the accessibility of instruments that utilize spectrophotometric detection, some researchers are beginning to experiment with 3D-printed parts. One example of this is the 3D-printed flow cell, shown at right. This device was made using polylactic acid and accommodates a LED at one end and a detector at the other. It can be used for standalone flow injection spectrophotometry or coupled to a chromatographic separation to be used as a detector. Explain why the sensitivity varies with the length of the flow cell, as shown in the data below. Could this setup be used for fluorescence analysis? Why or why not?arrow_forwardThe dark lines in the solar spectrum were discovered by Wollaston and cataloged by Fraunhofer in the early days of the 19th century. Some years later, Kirchhoff explained the appearance of the dark lines: the sun was acting as a continuum light source and metals in the ground state in its atmosphere were absorbing characteristic narrow regions of the spectrum. This discovery eventually spawned atomic absorption spectrometry, which became a routine technique for chemical analysis in the mid-20th century. Laboratory-based atomic absorption spectrometers differ from the original observation of the Fraunhofer lines because they have always employed a separate light source and atomizer. This article describes a novel atomic absorption device that employs a single source, the tungsten coil, as both the generator of continuum radiation and the atomizer of the analytes. A 25-μL aliquot of sample is placed on the tungsten filament removed from a commercially available 150-W light bulb. The…arrow_forwardDon't used hand raiting and don't used Ai solutionarrow_forward
- Explain the term “inductively coupled plasma.”arrow_forwardUsing Pauling electronegativity values and a Ketelaar triangle, what type of compound is brass, a CuZn alloy? Group of answer choices metallic ionic covalentarrow_forwardChallenging samples: 1. Metal complexes with low volatility are often difficult to analyze when performing atomic absorption measurements because the atomization efficiency is reduced to unacceptably low levels. Devise a strategy or strategies for eliminating the problem of a non-volatile metal complex? Explain how you would do that. 2. Devise a strategy to overcome unwanted ionization of the analyte? Explain what it would be. 3. Devise a general method that can be used to account for the presence of unknown matrix effects.arrow_forward
- Don't used hand raitingarrow_forwardDon't used hand raiting don't used Ai solutionarrow_forwardHomework: Atomic Structure This homework is due at the beginning of class next lecture period and is worth 6 points. Please place the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus and then put the number of electrons in the correct shell. Also give the correct atomic mass. Also, state if the atom is an ion (cation or anion). H* 1. Number of protons Number of electrons Number of neutrons Atomic mass 2. 26 13AI +++ Number of protons Number of neutrons Number of electrons Atomic massarrow_forward
World of Chemistry, 3rd editionChemistryISBN:9781133109655Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan L. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCostePublisher:Brooks / Cole / Cengage Learning
Chemistry: Matter and ChangeChemistryISBN:9780078746376Author:Dinah Zike, Laurel Dingrando, Nicholas Hainen, Cheryl WistromPublisher:Glencoe/McGraw-Hill School Pub Co
Introductory Chemistry: An Active Learning Approa...ChemistryISBN:9781305079250Author:Mark S. Cracolice, Ed PetersPublisher:Cengage Learning
Living By Chemistry: First Edition TextbookChemistryISBN:9781559539418Author:Angelica StacyPublisher:MAC HIGHER
Introductory Chemistry: A FoundationChemistryISBN:9781337399425Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCostePublisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry by OpenStax (2015-05-04)ChemistryISBN:9781938168390Author:Klaus Theopold, Richard H Langley, Paul Flowers, William R. Robinson, Mark BlaserPublisher:OpenStax