Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation: The difference in the behavior of the sample of gas and liquid should be determined if the sample is transferred from one container to a large one.
Concept introduction:
Interconversion of physical
For example, at high temperatures and at a certain pressure, solid changes to a liquid, and liquid changes to a gas.
(a)
Answer to Problem 5.1P
When a sample of gas is transferred from one container to a large one, the volume of the gas increases to the volume of the larger container whereas the volume of the liquid remains constant.
Explanation of Solution
The gaseous state of matter has a large intermolecular distance between particles with the weakest intermolecular force between them. Due to high kinetic energy, the particles can move randomly so they occupy the volume of the container. On the contrary, liquids have fixed volume due to stronger intermolecular forces between particles compared to gases. When a sample of gas is transferred from one container to a large one, the volume of the gas increases to the volume of the larger container whereas the volume of the liquid remains constant.
(b)
Interpretation: The difference in the behavior of the sample of gas and liquid should be determined if the sample is heated in an expandable container without any change in the state of matter.
Concept introduction:
Interconversion of physical states of matter refers to the application of temperature and pressure to change one physical state of matter into another.
For example, at high temperatures and at a certain pressure, solid changes to a liquid, and liquid changes to a gas.
(b)
Answer to Problem 5.1P
When a sample of gas is heated in an expandable container without a change of physical state, then the volume of the container will increase whereas the volume of a sample with liquid does not change on heating.
Explanation of Solution
The gaseous state of matter has a large intermolecular distance between particles with the weakest intermolecular force between them. On the contrary, liquids have fixed volume due to stronger intermolecular forces between particles compared to gases. When a sample of gas is heated in an expandable container without a change of physical state, then the volume of the gas will increase whereas the volume of a sample with liquid does not change on heating.
(c)
Interpretation: The difference in the behavior of the sample of gas and liquid should be determined if the sample is placed in a cylinder with a piston and external force is applied.
Concept introduction:
Interconversion of physical states of matter refers to the application of temperature and pressure to change one physical state of matter into another.
For example, at high temperatures and at a certain pressure, solid changes to a liquid, and liquid changes to a gas.
(c)
Answer to Problem 5.1P
When a sample of gas is placed in a cylinder with a piston and external force is applied, the volume of the liquid remains constant whereas the volume of the gas is reduced.
Explanation of Solution
The gaseous state of matter has a large intermolecular distance between particles with the weakest intermolecular force between them. On the contrary, liquids have fixed volume due to stronger intermolecular forces and lesser intermolecular space between particles compared to gases. When a sample of gas is placed in a cylinder with a piston and external force is applied, the volume of the liquid remains constant as liquids are not compressible whereas the volume of the gas is reduced because gases are highly compressible due to large intermolecular distance.
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Chapter 5 Solutions
CHEMISTRY: MOLECULAR NATURE ALEKS ACCESS
- Predict the major products of this organic reaction: 1. LIAIHA 2. H₂O ? Note: be sure you use dash and wedge bonds when necessary, for example to distinguish between major products with different stereochemistry. Click and drag to start drawing a structure. X : ☐arrow_forwardFor each reaction below, decide if the first stable organic product that forms in solution will create a new C - C bond, and check the appropriate box. Next, for each reaction to which you answered "Yes" to in the table, draw this product in the drawing area below. Note for advanced students: for this problem, don't worry if you think this product will continue to react under the current conditions - just focus on the first stable product you expect to form in solution. NH2 tu ? ? OH Will the first product that forms in this reaction create a new CC bond? Yes No Will the first product that forms in this reaction create a new CC bond? Yes No C $ ©arrow_forwardAs the lead product manager at OrganometALEKS Industries, you are trying to decide if the following reaction will make a molecule with a new C-C bond as its major product: 1. MgCl ? 2. H₂O* If this reaction will work, draw the major organic product or products you would expect in the drawing area below. If there's more than one major product, you can draw them in any arrangement you like. Be sure you use wedge and dash bonds if necessary, for example to distinguish between major products with different stereochemistry. If the major products of this reaction won't have a new CC bond, just check the box under the drawing area and leave it blank. Click and drag to start drawing a structure. This reaction will not make a product with a new CC bond. G marrow_forward
- Including activity coefficients, find [Hg22+] in saturated Hg2Br2 in 0.00100 M NH4 Ksp Hg2Br2 = 5.6×10-23.arrow_forwardgive example for the following(by equation) a. Converting a water insoluble compound to a soluble one. b. Diazotization reaction form diazonium salt c. coupling reaction of a diazonium salt d. indacator properties of MO e. Diazotization ( diazonium salt of bromobenzene)arrow_forward2-Propanone and ethyllithium are mixed and subsequently acid hydrolyzed. Draw and name the structures of the products.arrow_forward
- (Methanesulfinyl)methane is reacted with NaH, and then with acetophenone. Draw and name the structures of the products.arrow_forward3-Oxo-butanenitrile and (E)-2-butenal are mixed with sodium ethoxide in ethanol. Draw and name the structures of the products.arrow_forwardWhat is the reason of the following(use equations if possible) a.) In MO preperation through diazotization: Addition of sodium nitrite in acidfied solution in order to form diazonium salt b.) in MO experiment: addition of sodium hydroxide solution in the last step to isolate the product MO. What is the color of MO at low pH c.) In MO experiment: addition of sodium hydroxide solution in the last step to isolate the product MO. What is the color of MO at pH 4.5 d.) Avoiding not cooling down the reaction mixture when preparing the diazonium salt e.) Cbvcarrow_forward
- A 0.552-g sample of an unknown acid was dissolved in water to a total volume of 20.0 mL. This sample was titrated with 0.1103 M KOH. The equivalence point occurred at 29.42 mL base added. The pH of the solution at 10.0 mL base added was 3.72. Determine the molar mass of the acid. Determine the Ka of the acid.arrow_forwardAs the lead product manager at OrganometALEKS Industries, you are trying to decide if the following reaction will its major product: 2,0° with a new C-C bond as If this reaction will work, draw the major organic product or products you would expect in the drawing aree below. If there's more than one major product, you can draw them in any arrangement you like. Be sure you use wedge and desh bonds if necessary, for example to distinguish between major products with different stereochemistry. If the major products of this reaction won't have a new C-C bond, just check the box under the drawing area and leave it blank.arrow_forwardwrite the mechanism of the nucleophilic acyl substitution reaction, please give an examplearrow_forward
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