Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation: The difference in the behavior of the sample of gas and liquid should be determined if the sample is transferred from one container to a large one.
Concept introduction:
Interconversion of physical
For example, at high temperatures and at a certain pressure, solid changes to a liquid, and liquid changes to a gas.
(a)
Answer to Problem 5.1P
When a sample of gas is transferred from one container to a large one, the volume of the gas increases to the volume of the larger container whereas the volume of the liquid remains constant.
Explanation of Solution
The gaseous state of matter has a large intermolecular distance between particles with the weakest intermolecular force between them. Due to high kinetic energy, the particles can move randomly so they occupy the volume of the container. On the contrary, liquids have fixed volume due to stronger intermolecular forces between particles compared to gases. When a sample of gas is transferred from one container to a large one, the volume of the gas increases to the volume of the larger container whereas the volume of the liquid remains constant.
(b)
Interpretation: The difference in the behavior of the sample of gas and liquid should be determined if the sample is heated in an expandable container without any change in the state of matter.
Concept introduction:
Interconversion of physical states of matter refers to the application of temperature and pressure to change one physical state of matter into another.
For example, at high temperatures and at a certain pressure, solid changes to a liquid, and liquid changes to a gas.
(b)
Answer to Problem 5.1P
When a sample of gas is heated in an expandable container without a change of physical state, then the volume of the container will increase whereas the volume of a sample with liquid does not change on heating.
Explanation of Solution
The gaseous state of matter has a large intermolecular distance between particles with the weakest intermolecular force between them. On the contrary, liquids have fixed volume due to stronger intermolecular forces between particles compared to gases. When a sample of gas is heated in an expandable container without a change of physical state, then the volume of the gas will increase whereas the volume of a sample with liquid does not change on heating.
(c)
Interpretation: The difference in the behavior of the sample of gas and liquid should be determined if the sample is placed in a cylinder with a piston and external force is applied.
Concept introduction:
Interconversion of physical states of matter refers to the application of temperature and pressure to change one physical state of matter into another.
For example, at high temperatures and at a certain pressure, solid changes to a liquid, and liquid changes to a gas.
(c)
Answer to Problem 5.1P
When a sample of gas is placed in a cylinder with a piston and external force is applied, the volume of the liquid remains constant whereas the volume of the gas is reduced.
Explanation of Solution
The gaseous state of matter has a large intermolecular distance between particles with the weakest intermolecular force between them. On the contrary, liquids have fixed volume due to stronger intermolecular forces and lesser intermolecular space between particles compared to gases. When a sample of gas is placed in a cylinder with a piston and external force is applied, the volume of the liquid remains constant as liquids are not compressible whereas the volume of the gas is reduced because gases are highly compressible due to large intermolecular distance.
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Chapter 5 Solutions
CHEMISTRY THE MOLECULAR NATURE OF MATTER
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