Introduction
The stages in Atkinson and Shiffrin's model are known as the structural features of the model. It is a model related to memory which involves structural stores, including short-term memory (STM), sensory register, as well as long-term memory (LTM).
Explanation of Solution
Answer and explanation
The structural features in the modal model by Atkinson and Shiffrin include sensory memory, STM in addition to LTM. Sensory memory is defined as the initial phase holding all incoming material for fractions of a second or a little longer than that. STM holds about five to seven items for 15 to 30 seconds approximately. In addition to this, LTM holds a large volume of information for years and can hold it for decades.
They described the memory system as inclusive of control processes. For example, attentional strategies helping to focus on interesting or important information, or strategies used to make a stimulus more memorable like relating numbers in some phone number to a similar date in history.
When one wishes to order a pizza, he/she initially looks at the screen from which all of the information entering the eyes is registered in the sensory memory. Control process of a selective attention is then used to focus on the number for the pizza restaurant one is ordering from, later entering into STM. Control processes of rehearsal can then be used to keep it there. Knowing one would want to use this number again in future, one decided that in addition to storing this number on cell phone, one is going to memorize it so as to store it in mind. The procedure used to memorize it transfers the number into LTM wherein it is stored. The procedure of storing it in LTM is known as encoding. After a few days, when one has an urge for pizza, they remember the number. This procedure of remembering material that is stored in long term is known as retrieval.
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