The product formed from the reaction step in accordance with the given curved arrow representation has to be determined. Nucleophile and electrophile in the reaction step also has to be identified. Concept introduction: Mechanism of the reaction is the step-by-step description of the process by which reactants are changed into products. Curved arrows show the bonds that are formed and the bonds that are broken in a reaction. Curved arrows used to understand a reaction mechanism. Curved arrows are drawn to show how the electrons move as new covalent bonds are formed existing covalent bonds are broken. Each arrow represents the simultaneous movement of two electrons from a nucleophile towards an electrophile. The tail of the arrow is positioned where the electrons are in the reactant; the tail always starts at a lone pair of electron or at a bond. The head of the arrow points to where these same electrons end up in the product; the arrow always points at an atom or a bond. Nucleophiles are the electron rich species and it can share at least a pair of electron. Nucleophiles have negative charge. Electrophiles are electron deficient species; they look for a pair of electrons. An electrophile has a positive charge, a partial positive charge or an incomplete octet that can accept electron.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 5, Problem 30P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product formed from the reaction step in accordance with the given curved arrow representation has to be determined. Nucleophile and electrophile in the reaction step also has to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Mechanism of the reaction is the step-by-step description of the process by which reactants are changed into products.

Curved arrows show the bonds that are formed and the bonds that are broken in a reaction.

Curved arrows used to understand a reaction mechanism.

Curved arrows are drawn to show how the electrons move as new covalent bonds are formed existing covalent bonds are broken.

Each arrow represents the simultaneous movement of two electrons from a nucleophile towards an electrophile.

The tail of the arrow is positioned where the electrons are in the reactant; the tail always starts at a lone pair of electron or at a bond.

The head of the arrow points to where these same electrons end up in the product; the arrow always points at an atom or a bond.

Nucleophiles are the electron rich species and it can share at least a pair of electron. Nucleophiles have negative charge.

Electrophiles are electron deficient species; they look for a pair of electrons. An electrophile has a positive charge, a partial positive charge or an incomplete octet that can accept electron.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product formed from the reaction step in accordance with the given curved arrow representation has to be determined. Nucleophile and electrophile in the reaction step also have to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Mechanism of the reaction is the step-by-step description of the process by which reactants are changed into products.

Curved arrows show the bonds that are formed and the bonds that are broken in a reaction.

Curved arrows used to understand a reaction mechanism.

Curved arrows are drawn to show how the electrons move as new covalent bonds are formed existing covalent bonds are broken.

Each arrow represents the simultaneous movement of two electrons from a nucleophile towards an electrophile.

The tail of the arrow is positioned where the electrons are in the reactant; the tail always starts at a lone pair of electron or at a bond.

The head of the arrow points to where these same electrons end up in the product; the arrow always points at an atom or a bond.

Nucleophiles are the electron rich species and it can share at least a pair of electron. Nucleophiles have negative charge.

Electrophiles are electron deficient species; they look for a pair of electrons. An electrophile has a positive charge, a partial positive charge or an incomplete octet that can accept electron.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product formed from the reaction step in accordance with the given curved arrow representation has to be determined. Nucleophile and electrophile in the reaction step also have to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Mechanism of the reaction is the step-by-step description of the process by which reactants are changed into products.

Curved arrows show the bonds that are formed and the bonds that are broken in a reaction.

Curved arrows used to understand a reaction mechanism.

Curved arrows are drawn to show how the electrons move as new covalent bonds are formed existing covalent bonds are broken.

Each arrow represents the simultaneous movement of two electrons from a nucleophile towards an electrophile.

The tail of the arrow is positioned where the electrons are in the reactant; the tail always starts at a lone pair of electron or at a bond.

The head of the arrow points to where these same electrons end up in the product; the arrow always points at an atom or a bond.

Nucleophiles are the electron rich species and it can share at least a pair of electron. Nucleophiles have negative charge.

Electrophiles are electron deficient species; they look for a pair of electrons. An electrophile has a positive charge, a partial positive charge or an incomplete octet that can accept electron.

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Answer 2

Question

Chapter 5, Problem 30P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product formed from the reaction step in accordance with the given curved arrow representation has to be determined. Nucleophile and electrophile in the reaction step also has to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Mechanism of the reaction is the step-by-step description of the process by which reactants are changed into products.

Curved arrows show the bonds that are formed and the bonds that are broken in a reaction.

Curved arrows used to understand a reaction mechanism.

Curved arrows are drawn to show how the electrons move as new covalent bonds are formed existing covalent bonds are broken.

Each arrow represents the simultaneous movement of two electrons from a nucleophile towards an electrophile.

The tail of the arrow is positioned where the electrons are in the reactant; the tail always starts at a lone pair of electron or at a bond.

The head of the arrow points to where these same electrons end up in the product; the arrow always points at an atom or a bond.

Nucleophiles are the electron rich species and it can share at least a pair of electron. Nucleophiles have negative charge.

Electrophiles are electron deficient species; they look for a pair of electrons. An electrophile has a positive charge, a partial positive charge or an incomplete octet that can accept electron.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product formed from the reaction step in accordance with the given curved arrow representation has to be determined. Nucleophile and electrophile in the reaction step also have to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Mechanism of the reaction is the step-by-step description of the process by which reactants are changed into products.

Curved arrows show the bonds that are formed and the bonds that are broken in a reaction.

Curved arrows used to understand a reaction mechanism.

Curved arrows are drawn to show how the electrons move as new covalent bonds are formed existing covalent bonds are broken.

Each arrow represents the simultaneous movement of two electrons from a nucleophile towards an electrophile.

The tail of the arrow is positioned where the electrons are in the reactant; the tail always starts at a lone pair of electron or at a bond.

The head of the arrow points to where these same electrons end up in the product; the arrow always points at an atom or a bond.

Nucleophiles are the electron rich species and it can share at least a pair of electron. Nucleophiles have negative charge.

Electrophiles are electron deficient species; they look for a pair of electrons. An electrophile has a positive charge, a partial positive charge or an incomplete octet that can accept electron.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product formed from the reaction step in accordance with the given curved arrow representation has to be determined. Nucleophile and electrophile in the reaction step also have to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Mechanism of the reaction is the step-by-step description of the process by which reactants are changed into products.

Curved arrows show the bonds that are formed and the bonds that are broken in a reaction.

Curved arrows used to understand a reaction mechanism.

Curved arrows are drawn to show how the electrons move as new covalent bonds are formed existing covalent bonds are broken.

Each arrow represents the simultaneous movement of two electrons from a nucleophile towards an electrophile.

The tail of the arrow is positioned where the electrons are in the reactant; the tail always starts at a lone pair of electron or at a bond.

The head of the arrow points to where these same electrons end up in the product; the arrow always points at an atom or a bond.

Nucleophiles are the electron rich species and it can share at least a pair of electron. Nucleophiles have negative charge.

Electrophiles are electron deficient species; they look for a pair of electrons. An electrophile has a positive charge, a partial positive charge or an incomplete octet that can accept electron.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 5, Problem 30P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product formed from the reaction step in accordance with the given curved arrow representation has to be determined. Nucleophile and electrophile in the reaction step also has to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Mechanism of the reaction is the step-by-step description of the process by which reactants are changed into products.

Curved arrows show the bonds that are formed and the bonds that are broken in a reaction.

Curved arrows used to understand a reaction mechanism.

Curved arrows are drawn to show how the electrons move as new covalent bonds are formed existing covalent bonds are broken.

Each arrow represents the simultaneous movement of two electrons from a nucleophile towards an electrophile.

The tail of the arrow is positioned where the electrons are in the reactant; the tail always starts at a lone pair of electron or at a bond.

The head of the arrow points to where these same electrons end up in the product; the arrow always points at an atom or a bond.

Nucleophiles are the electron rich species and it can share at least a pair of electron. Nucleophiles have negative charge.

Electrophiles are electron deficient species; they look for a pair of electrons. An electrophile has a positive charge, a partial positive charge or an incomplete octet that can accept electron.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product formed from the reaction step in accordance with the given curved arrow representation has to be determined. Nucleophile and electrophile in the reaction step also have to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Mechanism of the reaction is the step-by-step description of the process by which reactants are changed into products.

Curved arrows show the bonds that are formed and the bonds that are broken in a reaction.

Curved arrows used to understand a reaction mechanism.

Curved arrows are drawn to show how the electrons move as new covalent bonds are formed existing covalent bonds are broken.

Each arrow represents the simultaneous movement of two electrons from a nucleophile towards an electrophile.

The tail of the arrow is positioned where the electrons are in the reactant; the tail always starts at a lone pair of electron or at a bond.

The head of the arrow points to where these same electrons end up in the product; the arrow always points at an atom or a bond.

Nucleophiles are the electron rich species and it can share at least a pair of electron. Nucleophiles have negative charge.

Electrophiles are electron deficient species; they look for a pair of electrons. An electrophile has a positive charge, a partial positive charge or an incomplete octet that can accept electron.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product formed from the reaction step in accordance with the given curved arrow representation has to be determined. Nucleophile and electrophile in the reaction step also have to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Mechanism of the reaction is the step-by-step description of the process by which reactants are changed into products.

Curved arrows show the bonds that are formed and the bonds that are broken in a reaction.

Curved arrows used to understand a reaction mechanism.

Curved arrows are drawn to show how the electrons move as new covalent bonds are formed existing covalent bonds are broken.

Each arrow represents the simultaneous movement of two electrons from a nucleophile towards an electrophile.

The tail of the arrow is positioned where the electrons are in the reactant; the tail always starts at a lone pair of electron or at a bond.

The head of the arrow points to where these same electrons end up in the product; the arrow always points at an atom or a bond.

Nucleophiles are the electron rich species and it can share at least a pair of electron. Nucleophiles have negative charge.

Electrophiles are electron deficient species; they look for a pair of electrons. An electrophile has a positive charge, a partial positive charge or an incomplete octet that can accept electron.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 5, Problem 30P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product formed from the reaction step in accordance with the given curved arrow representation has to be determined. Nucleophile and electrophile in the reaction step also has to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Mechanism of the reaction is the step-by-step description of the process by which reactants are changed into products.

Curved arrows show the bonds that are formed and the bonds that are broken in a reaction.

Curved arrows used to understand a reaction mechanism.

Curved arrows are drawn to show how the electrons move as new covalent bonds are formed existing covalent bonds are broken.

Each arrow represents the simultaneous movement of two electrons from a nucleophile towards an electrophile.

The tail of the arrow is positioned where the electrons are in the reactant; the tail always starts at a lone pair of electron or at a bond.

The head of the arrow points to where these same electrons end up in the product; the arrow always points at an atom or a bond.

Nucleophiles are the electron rich species and it can share at least a pair of electron. Nucleophiles have negative charge.

Electrophiles are electron deficient species; they look for a pair of electrons. An electrophile has a positive charge, a partial positive charge or an incomplete octet that can accept electron.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product formed from the reaction step in accordance with the given curved arrow representation has to be determined. Nucleophile and electrophile in the reaction step also have to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Mechanism of the reaction is the step-by-step description of the process by which reactants are changed into products.

Curved arrows show the bonds that are formed and the bonds that are broken in a reaction.

Curved arrows used to understand a reaction mechanism.

Curved arrows are drawn to show how the electrons move as new covalent bonds are formed existing covalent bonds are broken.

Each arrow represents the simultaneous movement of two electrons from a nucleophile towards an electrophile.

The tail of the arrow is positioned where the electrons are in the reactant; the tail always starts at a lone pair of electron or at a bond.

The head of the arrow points to where these same electrons end up in the product; the arrow always points at an atom or a bond.

Nucleophiles are the electron rich species and it can share at least a pair of electron. Nucleophiles have negative charge.

Electrophiles are electron deficient species; they look for a pair of electrons. An electrophile has a positive charge, a partial positive charge or an incomplete octet that can accept electron.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product formed from the reaction step in accordance with the given curved arrow representation has to be determined. Nucleophile and electrophile in the reaction step also have to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Mechanism of the reaction is the step-by-step description of the process by which reactants are changed into products.

Curved arrows show the bonds that are formed and the bonds that are broken in a reaction.

Curved arrows used to understand a reaction mechanism.

Curved arrows are drawn to show how the electrons move as new covalent bonds are formed existing covalent bonds are broken.

Each arrow represents the simultaneous movement of two electrons from a nucleophile towards an electrophile.

The tail of the arrow is positioned where the electrons are in the reactant; the tail always starts at a lone pair of electron or at a bond.

The head of the arrow points to where these same electrons end up in the product; the arrow always points at an atom or a bond.

Nucleophiles are the electron rich species and it can share at least a pair of electron. Nucleophiles have negative charge.

Electrophiles are electron deficient species; they look for a pair of electrons. An electrophile has a positive charge, a partial positive charge or an incomplete octet that can accept electron.

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Answer 5

Chapter 5, Problem 30P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product formed from the reaction step in accordance with the given curved arrow representation has to be determined. Nucleophile and electrophile in the reaction step also has to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Mechanism of the reaction is the step-by-step description of the process by which reactants are changed into products.

Curved arrows show the bonds that are formed and the bonds that are broken in a reaction.

Curved arrows used to understand a reaction mechanism.

Curved arrows are drawn to show how the electrons move as new covalent bonds are formed existing covalent bonds are broken.

Each arrow represents the simultaneous movement of two electrons from a nucleophile towards an electrophile.

The tail of the arrow is positioned where the electrons are in the reactant; the tail always starts at a lone pair of electron or at a bond.

The head of the arrow points to where these same electrons end up in the product; the arrow always points at an atom or a bond.

Nucleophiles are the electron rich species and it can share at least a pair of electron. Nucleophiles have negative charge.

Electrophiles are electron deficient species; they look for a pair of electrons. An electrophile has a positive charge, a partial positive charge or an incomplete octet that can accept electron.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product formed from the reaction step in accordance with the given curved arrow representation has to be determined. Nucleophile and electrophile in the reaction step also have to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Mechanism of the reaction is the step-by-step description of the process by which reactants are changed into products.

Curved arrows show the bonds that are formed and the bonds that are broken in a reaction.

Curved arrows used to understand a reaction mechanism.

Curved arrows are drawn to show how the electrons move as new covalent bonds are formed existing covalent bonds are broken.

Each arrow represents the simultaneous movement of two electrons from a nucleophile towards an electrophile.

The tail of the arrow is positioned where the electrons are in the reactant; the tail always starts at a lone pair of electron or at a bond.

The head of the arrow points to where these same electrons end up in the product; the arrow always points at an atom or a bond.

Nucleophiles are the electron rich species and it can share at least a pair of electron. Nucleophiles have negative charge.

Electrophiles are electron deficient species; they look for a pair of electrons. An electrophile has a positive charge, a partial positive charge or an incomplete octet that can accept electron.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product formed from the reaction step in accordance with the given curved arrow representation has to be determined. Nucleophile and electrophile in the reaction step also have to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Mechanism of the reaction is the step-by-step description of the process by which reactants are changed into products.

Curved arrows show the bonds that are formed and the bonds that are broken in a reaction.

Curved arrows used to understand a reaction mechanism.

Curved arrows are drawn to show how the electrons move as new covalent bonds are formed existing covalent bonds are broken.

Each arrow represents the simultaneous movement of two electrons from a nucleophile towards an electrophile.

The tail of the arrow is positioned where the electrons are in the reactant; the tail always starts at a lone pair of electron or at a bond.

The head of the arrow points to where these same electrons end up in the product; the arrow always points at an atom or a bond.

Nucleophiles are the electron rich species and it can share at least a pair of electron. Nucleophiles have negative charge.

Electrophiles are electron deficient species; they look for a pair of electrons. An electrophile has a positive charge, a partial positive charge or an incomplete octet that can accept electron.

Answer 6

Chapter 5, Problem 30P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product formed from the reaction step in accordance with the given curved arrow representation has to be determined. Nucleophile and electrophile in the reaction step also has to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Mechanism of the reaction is the step-by-step description of the process by which reactants are changed into products.

Curved arrows show the bonds that are formed and the bonds that are broken in a reaction.

Curved arrows used to understand a reaction mechanism.

Curved arrows are drawn to show how the electrons move as new covalent bonds are formed existing covalent bonds are broken.

Each arrow represents the simultaneous movement of two electrons from a nucleophile towards an electrophile.

The tail of the arrow is positioned where the electrons are in the reactant; the tail always starts at a lone pair of electron or at a bond.

The head of the arrow points to where these same electrons end up in the product; the arrow always points at an atom or a bond.

Nucleophiles are the electron rich species and it can share at least a pair of electron. Nucleophiles have negative charge.

Electrophiles are electron deficient species; they look for a pair of electrons. An electrophile has a positive charge, a partial positive charge or an incomplete octet that can accept electron.

Answer 7

Chapter 5, Problem 30P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product formed from the reaction step in accordance with the given curved arrow representation has to be determined. Nucleophile and electrophile in the reaction step also has to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Mechanism of the reaction is the step-by-step description of the process by which reactants are changed into products.

Curved arrows show the bonds that are formed and the bonds that are broken in a reaction.

Curved arrows used to understand a reaction mechanism.

Curved arrows are drawn to show how the electrons move as new covalent bonds are formed existing covalent bonds are broken.

Each arrow represents the simultaneous movement of two electrons from a nucleophile towards an electrophile.

The tail of the arrow is positioned where the electrons are in the reactant; the tail always starts at a lone pair of electron or at a bond.

The head of the arrow points to where these same electrons end up in the product; the arrow always points at an atom or a bond.

Nucleophiles are the electron rich species and it can share at least a pair of electron. Nucleophiles have negative charge.

Electrophiles are electron deficient species; they look for a pair of electrons. An electrophile has a positive charge, a partial positive charge or an incomplete octet that can accept electron.

Answer 8

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product formed from the reaction step in accordance with the given curved arrow representation has to be determined. Nucleophile and electrophile in the reaction step also have to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Mechanism of the reaction is the step-by-step description of the process by which reactants are changed into products.

Curved arrows show the bonds that are formed and the bonds that are broken in a reaction.

Curved arrows used to understand a reaction mechanism.

Curved arrows are drawn to show how the electrons move as new covalent bonds are formed existing covalent bonds are broken.

Each arrow represents the simultaneous movement of two electrons from a nucleophile towards an electrophile.

The tail of the arrow is positioned where the electrons are in the reactant; the tail always starts at a lone pair of electron or at a bond.

The head of the arrow points to where these same electrons end up in the product; the arrow always points at an atom or a bond.

Nucleophiles are the electron rich species and it can share at least a pair of electron. Nucleophiles have negative charge.

Electrophiles are electron deficient species; they look for a pair of electrons. An electrophile has a positive charge, a partial positive charge or an incomplete octet that can accept electron.

Answer 9

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product formed from the reaction step in accordance with the given curved arrow representation has to be determined. Nucleophile and electrophile in the reaction step also have to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Mechanism of the reaction is the step-by-step description of the process by which reactants are changed into products.

Curved arrows show the bonds that are formed and the bonds that are broken in a reaction.

Curved arrows used to understand a reaction mechanism.

Curved arrows are drawn to show how the electrons move as new covalent bonds are formed existing covalent bonds are broken.

Each arrow represents the simultaneous movement of two electrons from a nucleophile towards an electrophile.

The tail of the arrow is positioned where the electrons are in the reactant; the tail always starts at a lone pair of electron or at a bond.

The head of the arrow points to where these same electrons end up in the product; the arrow always points at an atom or a bond.

Nucleophiles are the electron rich species and it can share at least a pair of electron. Nucleophiles have negative charge.

Electrophiles are electron deficient species; they look for a pair of electrons. An electrophile has a positive charge, a partial positive charge or an incomplete octet that can accept electron.

Answer 10

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product formed from the reaction step in accordance with the given curved arrow representation has to be determined. Nucleophile and electrophile in the reaction step also have to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Mechanism of the reaction is the step-by-step description of the process by which reactants are changed into products.

Curved arrows show the bonds that are formed and the bonds that are broken in a reaction.

Curved arrows used to understand a reaction mechanism.

Curved arrows are drawn to show how the electrons move as new covalent bonds are formed existing covalent bonds are broken.

Each arrow represents the simultaneous movement of two electrons from a nucleophile towards an electrophile.

The tail of the arrow is positioned where the electrons are in the reactant; the tail always starts at a lone pair of electron or at a bond.

The head of the arrow points to where these same electrons end up in the product; the arrow always points at an atom or a bond.

Nucleophiles are the electron rich species and it can share at least a pair of electron. Nucleophiles have negative charge.

Electrophiles are electron deficient species; they look for a pair of electrons. An electrophile has a positive charge, a partial positive charge or an incomplete octet that can accept electron.

Answer 11

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product formed from the reaction step in accordance with the given curved arrow representation has to be determined. Nucleophile and electrophile in the reaction step also have to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Mechanism of the reaction is the step-by-step description of the process by which reactants are changed into products.

Curved arrows show the bonds that are formed and the bonds that are broken in a reaction.

Curved arrows used to understand a reaction mechanism.

Curved arrows are drawn to show how the electrons move as new covalent bonds are formed existing covalent bonds are broken.

Each arrow represents the simultaneous movement of two electrons from a nucleophile towards an electrophile.

The tail of the arrow is positioned where the electrons are in the reactant; the tail always starts at a lone pair of electron or at a bond.

The head of the arrow points to where these same electrons end up in the product; the arrow always points at an atom or a bond.

Nucleophiles are the electron rich species and it can share at least a pair of electron. Nucleophiles have negative charge.

Electrophiles are electron deficient species; they look for a pair of electrons. An electrophile has a positive charge, a partial positive charge or an incomplete octet that can accept electron.

Answer 12

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Answer 13

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Answer 14

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Answer 15

Ch. 5.1 - Prob. 1P Ch. 5.1 - Draw the structure for each of the following: a....Ch. 5.1 - What is each compounds systematic name?Ch. 5.3 - Prob. 4P Ch. 5.3 - Prob. 5P Ch. 5.3 - Prob. 7P Ch. 5.4 - a. For which reaction in each set below will S be...Ch. 5.6 - Prob. 9P Ch. 5.6 - How many different alkenes can be hydrogenated to...Ch. 5.6 - The same alkane is obtained from the catalytic...

Solution Summary: The author explains how the curved arrows represent the simultaneous movement of two electrons from a nucleophile towards an electrophile.

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