(a) Interpretation: To determine the number of proton and electron of the ionic species Mg 2 + . Concept Introduction: Ions are formed by loss or gain of an electron. If an atom gain the electron it will carry positive charge and if it lose the electron it will carry the positive charge. The electron present in the outermost shell of an atom is mostly responsible for formation of ions. If the number of proton is less than number of electron the species is anionic and if the number of proton is higher than number of electron the species if cationic.

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Answer 1

Explanation of Solution

Atomic number of an ionic species represents the number of proton so, number of proton of K+ is 19 and the number of electron of cationic species is the difference of number of proton and charge given. Number of electron = 19-1 = 18.

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AG/F-2° V 3. Before proceeding with this problem you may want to glance at p. 466 of your textbook where various oxo-phosphorus derivatives and their oxidation states are summarized. Shown below are Latimer diagrams for phosphorus at pH values at 0 and 14: -0.93 +0.38 -0.50 -0.51 -0.06 H3PO4 →H4P206 →H3PO3 →→H3PO₂ → P → PH3 Acidic solution Basic solution -0.28 -0.50 3--1.12 -1.57 -2.05 -0.89 PO HPO H₂PO₂ →P → PH3 -1.73 a) Under acidic conditions, H3PO4 can be reduced into H3PO3 directly (-0.28V), or via the formation and reduction of H4P206 (-0.93/+0.38V). Calculate the values of AG's for both processes; comment. (3 points) 0.5 PH P 0.0 -0.5 -1.0- -1.5- -2.0 H.PO, -2.3+ -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 2 H,PO, b) Frost diagram for phosphorus under acidic conditions is shown. Identify possible disproportionation and comproportionation processes; write out chemical equations describing them. (2 points) H,PO 4 S Oxidation stale, N

Answer 2

Explanation of Solution

Atomic number of an ionic species represents the number of proton so, number of proton of K+ is 19 and the number of electron of cationic species is the difference of number of proton and charge given. Number of electron = 19-1 = 18.

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Answer 3

Explanation of Solution

Atomic number of an ionic species represents the number of proton so, number of proton of K+ is 19 and the number of electron of cationic species is the difference of number of proton and charge given. Number of electron = 19-1 = 18.

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Answer 4

(l)

Interpretation:

To determine the number of proton and electron of the ionic species K⁺.

Concept Introduction:

Ions are formed by loss or gain of an electron. If an atom gain the electron it will carry positive charge and if it lose the electron it will carry the positive charge. The electron present in the outermost shell of an atom is mostly responsible for formation of ions. If the number of proton is less than number of electron the species is anionic and if the number of proton is higher than number of electron the species if cationic.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 24CR

The number of proton and electron of K+ species is 19 and 18 respectively.

Explanation of Solution

Atomic number of an ionic species represents the number of proton so, number of proton of K+ is 19 and the number of electron of cationic species is the difference of number of proton and charge given. Number of electron = 19-1 = 18.

Answer 6

Chapter 5, Problem 24CR

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

To determine the number of proton and electron of the ionic species Mg²⁺.

Concept Introduction:

Ions are formed by loss or gain of an electron. If an atom gain the electron it will carry positive charge and if it lose the electron it will carry the positive charge. The electron present in the outermost shell of an atom is mostly responsible for formation of ions. If the number of proton is less than number of electron the species is anionic and if the number of proton is higher than number of electron the species if cationic.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 24CR

The number of proton and electron of Mg² + species is 12 and 10 respectively.

Explanation of Solution

Atomic number of an ionic species represents the number of proton so, number of proton of Mg² + is 12 and the number of electron of cationic species is the difference of number of proton and charge given. Number of electron = 12-2 = 10.

Answer 7

Chapter 5, Problem 24CR

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

To determine the number of proton and electron of the ionic species Mg²⁺.

Concept Introduction:

Ions are formed by loss or gain of an electron. If an atom gain the electron it will carry positive charge and if it lose the electron it will carry the positive charge. The electron present in the outermost shell of an atom is mostly responsible for formation of ions. If the number of proton is less than number of electron the species is anionic and if the number of proton is higher than number of electron the species if cationic.

Answer 8

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 24CR

The number of proton and electron of Mg² + species is 12 and 10 respectively.

Answer 9

Expert Solution

Answer 10

Expert Solution

Answer 11

Expert Solution

Answer 12

Explanation of Solution

Atomic number of an ionic species represents the number of proton so, number of proton of Mg² + is 12 and the number of electron of cationic species is the difference of number of proton and charge given. Number of electron = 12-2 = 10.

Answer 13

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

To determine the number of proton and electron of the ionic species Fe²⁺.

Concept Introduction:

Ions are formed by loss or gain of an electron. If an atom gain the electron it will carry positive charge and if it lose the electron it will carry the positive charge. The electron present in the outermost shell of an atom is mostly responsible for formation of ions. If the number of proton is less than number of electron the species is anionic and if the number of proton is higher than number of electron the species if cationic.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 24CR

The number of proton and electron of Fe² + species is 26 and 24 respectively.

Explanation of Solution

Atomic number of an ionic species represents the number of proton so, number of proton of Fe² + is 26 and the number of electron of cationic species is the difference of number of proton and charge given. Number of electron = 26-2 = 24.

Answer 14

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

To determine the number of proton and electron of the ionic species Fe²⁺.

Concept Introduction:

Ions are formed by loss or gain of an electron. If an atom gain the electron it will carry positive charge and if it lose the electron it will carry the positive charge. The electron present in the outermost shell of an atom is mostly responsible for formation of ions. If the number of proton is less than number of electron the species is anionic and if the number of proton is higher than number of electron the species if cationic.

Answer 15

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 24CR

The number of proton and electron of Fe² + species is 26 and 24 respectively.

Answer 16

Expert Solution

Answer 17

Expert Solution

Answer 18

Expert Solution

Answer 19

Explanation of Solution

Atomic number of an ionic species represents the number of proton so, number of proton of Fe² + is 26 and the number of electron of cationic species is the difference of number of proton and charge given. Number of electron = 26-2 = 24.

Answer 20

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

To determine the number of proton and electron of the ionic species Fe³⁺.

Concept Introduction:

Ions are formed by loss or gain of an electron. If an atom gain the electron it will carry positive charge and if it lose the electron it will carry the positive charge. The electron present in the outermost shell of an atom is mostly responsible for formation of ions. If the number of proton is less than number of electron the species is anionic and if the number of proton is higher than number of electron the species if cationic.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 24CR

The number of proton and electron of Fe³ + species is 26 and 23 respectively.

Explanation of Solution

Atomic number of an ionic species represents the number of proton so, number of proton of Fe² + is 26 and the number of electron of cationic species is the difference of number of proton and charge given. Number of electron = 26-3 = 23.

Answer 21

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

To determine the number of proton and electron of the ionic species Fe³⁺.

Concept Introduction:

Ions are formed by loss or gain of an electron. If an atom gain the electron it will carry positive charge and if it lose the electron it will carry the positive charge. The electron present in the outermost shell of an atom is mostly responsible for formation of ions. If the number of proton is less than number of electron the species is anionic and if the number of proton is higher than number of electron the species if cationic.

Answer 22

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 24CR

The number of proton and electron of Fe³ + species is 26 and 23 respectively.

Answer 23

Expert Solution

Answer 24

Expert Solution

Answer 25

Expert Solution

Answer 26

Explanation of Solution

Atomic number of an ionic species represents the number of proton so, number of proton of Fe² + is 26 and the number of electron of cationic species is the difference of number of proton and charge given. Number of electron = 26-3 = 23.

Answer 27

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

To determine the number of proton and electron of the ionic species F^-.

Concept Introduction:

Ions are formed by loss or gain of an electron. If an atom gain the electron it will carry positive charge and if it lose the electron it will carry the positive charge. The electron present in the outermost shell of an atom is mostly responsible for formation of ions. If the number of proton is less than number of electron the species is anionic and if the number of proton is higher than number of electron the species if cationic.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 24CR

The number of proton and electron of F- species is 9 and 10 respectively.

Explanation of Solution

Atomic number of an ionic species represents the number of proton so, number of proton of Mg² + is 9 and the number of electron of cationic species is the addition of number of proton and charge given. Number of electron = 9+1 = 10.

Answer 28

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

To determine the number of proton and electron of the ionic species F^-.

Concept Introduction:

Ions are formed by loss or gain of an electron. If an atom gain the electron it will carry positive charge and if it lose the electron it will carry the positive charge. The electron present in the outermost shell of an atom is mostly responsible for formation of ions. If the number of proton is less than number of electron the species is anionic and if the number of proton is higher than number of electron the species if cationic.

Answer 29

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 24CR

The number of proton and electron of F- species is 9 and 10 respectively.

Answer 30

Expert Solution

Answer 31

Expert Solution

Answer 32

Expert Solution

Answer 33

Explanation of Solution

Atomic number of an ionic species represents the number of proton so, number of proton of Mg² + is 9 and the number of electron of cationic species is the addition of number of proton and charge given. Number of electron = 9+1 = 10.

Answer 34

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

To determine the number of proton and electron of the ionic species Ni²⁺.

Concept Introduction:

Ions are formed by loss or gain of an electron. If an atom gain the electron it will carry positive charge and if it lose the electron it will carry the positive charge. The electron present in the outermost shell of an atom is mostly responsible for formation of ions. If the number of proton is less than number of electron the species is anionic and if the number of proton is higher than number of electron the species if cationic.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 24CR

The number of proton and electron of Ni² + species is 28 and 26 respectively.

Explanation of Solution

Atomic number of an ionic species represents the number of proton so, number of proton of Ni² + is 28 and the number of electron of cationic species is the difference of number of proton and charge given. Number of electron = 28-2 = 26.

Answer 35

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

To determine the number of proton and electron of the ionic species Ni²⁺.

Concept Introduction:

Ions are formed by loss or gain of an electron. If an atom gain the electron it will carry positive charge and if it lose the electron it will carry the positive charge. The electron present in the outermost shell of an atom is mostly responsible for formation of ions. If the number of proton is less than number of electron the species is anionic and if the number of proton is higher than number of electron the species if cationic.

Answer 36

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 24CR

The number of proton and electron of Ni² + species is 28 and 26 respectively.

Answer 37

Expert Solution

Answer 38

Expert Solution

Answer 39

Expert Solution

Answer 40

Explanation of Solution

Atomic number of an ionic species represents the number of proton so, number of proton of Ni² + is 28 and the number of electron of cationic species is the difference of number of proton and charge given. Number of electron = 28-2 = 26.

Answer 41

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation:

To determine the number of proton and electron of the ionic species Zn²⁺.

Concept Introduction:

Ions are formed by loss or gain of an electron. If an atom gain the electron it will carry positive charge and if it lose the electron it will carry the positive charge. The electron present in the outermost shell of an atom is mostly responsible for formation of ions. If the number of proton is less than number of electron the species is anionic and if the number of proton is higher than number of electron the species if cationic.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 24CR

The number of proton and electron of Zn² + species is 30 and 28 respectively.

Explanation of Solution

Atomic number of an ionic species represents the number of proton so, number of proton of Zn² + is 30 and the number of electron of cationic species is the difference of number of proton and charge given. Number of electron = 30-2 = 28.

Answer 42

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation:

To determine the number of proton and electron of the ionic species Zn²⁺.

Concept Introduction:

Ions are formed by loss or gain of an electron. If an atom gain the electron it will carry positive charge and if it lose the electron it will carry the positive charge. The electron present in the outermost shell of an atom is mostly responsible for formation of ions. If the number of proton is less than number of electron the species is anionic and if the number of proton is higher than number of electron the species if cationic.

Answer 43

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 24CR

The number of proton and electron of Zn² + species is 30 and 28 respectively.

Answer 44

Expert Solution

Answer 45

Expert Solution

Answer 46

Expert Solution

Answer 47

Explanation of Solution

Atomic number of an ionic species represents the number of proton so, number of proton of Zn² + is 30 and the number of electron of cationic species is the difference of number of proton and charge given. Number of electron = 30-2 = 28.

Answer 48

Interpretation Introduction

(g)

Interpretation:

To determine the number of proton and electron of the ionic species Co³⁺.

Concept Introduction:

Ions are formed by loss or gain of an electron. If an atom gain the electron it will carry positive charge and if it lose the electron it will carry the positive charge. The electron present in the outermost shell of an atom is mostly responsible for formation of ions. If the number of proton is less than number of electron the species is anionic and if the number of proton is higher than number of electron the species if cationic.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 24CR

The number of proton and electron of Co³ + species is 27 and 24 respectively.

Explanation of Solution

Atomic number of an ionic species represents the number of proton so, number of proton of Co³ + is 27 and the number of electron of cationic species is the difference of number of proton and charge given. Number of electron = 27-3 = 24.

Answer 49

Interpretation Introduction

(g)

Interpretation:

To determine the number of proton and electron of the ionic species Co³⁺.

Concept Introduction:

Ions are formed by loss or gain of an electron. If an atom gain the electron it will carry positive charge and if it lose the electron it will carry the positive charge. The electron present in the outermost shell of an atom is mostly responsible for formation of ions. If the number of proton is less than number of electron the species is anionic and if the number of proton is higher than number of electron the species if cationic.

Answer 50

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 24CR

The number of proton and electron of Co³ + species is 27 and 24 respectively.

Answer 51

Expert Solution

Answer 52

Expert Solution

Answer 53

Expert Solution

Answer 54

Explanation of Solution

Atomic number of an ionic species represents the number of proton so, number of proton of Co³ + is 27 and the number of electron of cationic species is the difference of number of proton and charge given. Number of electron = 27-3 = 24.

Answer 55

Interpretation Introduction

(h)

Interpretation:

To determine the number of proton and electron of the ionic species N³^-.

Concept Introduction:

Ions are formed by loss or gain of an electron. If an atom gain the electron it will carry positive charge and if it lose the electron it will carry the positive charge. The electron present in the outermost shell of an atom is mostly responsible for formation of ions. If the number of proton is less than number of electron the species is anionic and if the number of proton is higher than number of electron the species if cationic.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 24CR

The number of proton and electron of N³ - species is 7 and 10 respectively.

Explanation of Solution

Atomic number of an ionic species represents the number of proton so, number of proton of N³ - is 7 and the number of electron of cationic species is the addition of number of proton and charge given. Number of electron = 7+3 = 10.

Answer 56

Interpretation Introduction

(h)

Interpretation:

To determine the number of proton and electron of the ionic species N³^-.

Concept Introduction:

Ions are formed by loss or gain of an electron. If an atom gain the electron it will carry positive charge and if it lose the electron it will carry the positive charge. The electron present in the outermost shell of an atom is mostly responsible for formation of ions. If the number of proton is less than number of electron the species is anionic and if the number of proton is higher than number of electron the species if cationic.

Answer 57

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 24CR

The number of proton and electron of N³ - species is 7 and 10 respectively.

Answer 58

Expert Solution

Answer 59

Expert Solution

Answer 60

Expert Solution

Answer 61

Explanation of Solution

Atomic number of an ionic species represents the number of proton so, number of proton of N³ - is 7 and the number of electron of cationic species is the addition of number of proton and charge given. Number of electron = 7+3 = 10.

Answer 62

Interpretation Introduction

(i)

Interpretation:

To determine the number of proton and electron of the ionic species S²^-.

Concept Introduction:

Ions are formed by loss or gain of an electron. If an atom gain the electron it will carry positive charge and if it lose the electron it will carry the positive charge. The electron present in the outermost shell of an atom is mostly responsible for formation of ions. If the number of proton is less than number of electron the species is anionic and if the number of proton is higher than number of electron the species if cationic.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 24CR

The number of proton and electron of S² - species is 16 and 18 respectively.

Explanation of Solution

Atomic number of an ionic species represents the number of proton so, number of proton of S² - is 16 and the number of electron of cationic species is the addition of number of proton and charge given. Number of electron = 16+2 = 18.

Answer 63

Interpretation Introduction

(i)

Interpretation:

To determine the number of proton and electron of the ionic species S²^-.

Concept Introduction:

Ions are formed by loss or gain of an electron. If an atom gain the electron it will carry positive charge and if it lose the electron it will carry the positive charge. The electron present in the outermost shell of an atom is mostly responsible for formation of ions. If the number of proton is less than number of electron the species is anionic and if the number of proton is higher than number of electron the species if cationic.

Answer 64

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 24CR

The number of proton and electron of S² - species is 16 and 18 respectively.

Answer 65

Expert Solution

Answer 66

Expert Solution

Answer 67

Expert Solution

Answer 68

Explanation of Solution

Atomic number of an ionic species represents the number of proton so, number of proton of S² - is 16 and the number of electron of cationic species is the addition of number of proton and charge given. Number of electron = 16+2 = 18.

Answer 69

Interpretation Introduction

(j)

Interpretation:

To determine the number of proton and electron of the ionic species Rb⁺.

Concept Introduction:

Ions are formed by loss or gain of an electron. If an atom gain the electron it will carry positive charge and if it lose the electron it will carry the positive charge. The electron present in the outermost shell of an atom is mostly responsible for formation of ions. If the number of proton is less than number of electron the species is anionic and if the number of proton is higher than number of electron the species if cationic.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 24CR

The number of proton and electron of Rb+ species is 37and 36 respectively.

Explanation of Solution

Atomic number of an ionic species represents the number of proton so, number of proton of Rb+ is 37 and the number of electron of cationic species is the difference of number of proton and charge given. Number of electron = 37-1=36.

Answer 70

Interpretation Introduction

(j)

Interpretation:

To determine the number of proton and electron of the ionic species Rb⁺.

Concept Introduction:

Ions are formed by loss or gain of an electron. If an atom gain the electron it will carry positive charge and if it lose the electron it will carry the positive charge. The electron present in the outermost shell of an atom is mostly responsible for formation of ions. If the number of proton is less than number of electron the species is anionic and if the number of proton is higher than number of electron the species if cationic.

Answer 71

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 24CR

The number of proton and electron of Rb+ species is 37and 36 respectively.

Answer 72

Expert Solution

Answer 73

Expert Solution

Answer 74

Expert Solution

Answer 75

Explanation of Solution

Atomic number of an ionic species represents the number of proton so, number of proton of Rb+ is 37 and the number of electron of cationic species is the difference of number of proton and charge given. Number of electron = 37-1=36.

Answer 76

Interpretation Introduction

(k)

Interpretation:

To determine the number of proton and electron of the ionic species Se²^-.

Concept Introduction:

Ions are formed by loss or gain of an electron. If an atom gain the electron it will carry positive charge and if it lose the electron it will carry the positive charge. The electron present in the outermost shell of an atom is mostly responsible for formation of ions. If the number of proton is less than number of electron the species is anionic and if the number of proton is higher than number of electron the species if cationic.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 24CR

The number of proton and electron of Se² - species is 34 and 36 respectively.

Explanation of Solution

Atomic number of an ionic species represents the number of proton so, number of proton of Se² - is 34 and the number of electron of cationic species is the addition of number of proton and charge given. Number of electron = 34+2 = 36.

Answer 77

Interpretation Introduction

(k)

Interpretation:

To determine the number of proton and electron of the ionic species Se²^-.

Concept Introduction:

Ions are formed by loss or gain of an electron. If an atom gain the electron it will carry positive charge and if it lose the electron it will carry the positive charge. The electron present in the outermost shell of an atom is mostly responsible for formation of ions. If the number of proton is less than number of electron the species is anionic and if the number of proton is higher than number of electron the species if cationic.

Answer 78

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 24CR

The number of proton and electron of Se² - species is 34 and 36 respectively.

Answer 79

Expert Solution

Answer 80

Expert Solution

Answer 81

Expert Solution

Answer 82

Explanation of Solution

Atomic number of an ionic species represents the number of proton so, number of proton of Se² - is 34 and the number of electron of cationic species is the addition of number of proton and charge given. Number of electron = 34+2 = 36.

Answer 83

Interpretation Introduction

(l)

Interpretation:

To determine the number of proton and electron of the ionic species K⁺.

Concept Introduction:

Ions are formed by loss or gain of an electron. If an atom gain the electron it will carry positive charge and if it lose the electron it will carry the positive charge. The electron present in the outermost shell of an atom is mostly responsible for formation of ions. If the number of proton is less than number of electron the species is anionic and if the number of proton is higher than number of electron the species if cationic.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 24CR

The number of proton and electron of K+ species is 19 and 18 respectively.

Explanation of Solution

Atomic number of an ionic species represents the number of proton so, number of proton of K+ is 19 and the number of electron of cationic species is the difference of number of proton and charge given. Number of electron = 19-1 = 18.

Answer 84

Interpretation Introduction

(l)

Interpretation:

To determine the number of proton and electron of the ionic species K⁺.

Concept Introduction:

Ions are formed by loss or gain of an electron. If an atom gain the electron it will carry positive charge and if it lose the electron it will carry the positive charge. The electron present in the outermost shell of an atom is mostly responsible for formation of ions. If the number of proton is less than number of electron the species is anionic and if the number of proton is higher than number of electron the species if cationic.

Answer 85

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 24CR

The number of proton and electron of K+ species is 19 and 18 respectively.

Answer 86

Expert Solution

Answer 87

Expert Solution

Answer 88

Expert Solution

Answer 89

Explanation of Solution

Atomic number of an ionic species represents the number of proton so, number of proton of K+ is 19 and the number of electron of cationic species is the difference of number of proton and charge given. Number of electron = 19-1 = 18.