The reason that why the defective protein results in a thick sticky mucous outside the cells rather than a loose fluid covering in cystic fibrosis genetic disorder. Introduction: The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein is expressed when an individual inherits a pair of the recessive allele of the cystic fibrosis gene. This gene then expresses and translates into nonfunctional proteins (cystic fibrosis). This protein then forms a transmembrane conductance regulator which forms the chlorine channels that surrounds the membranes, which produce mucus, sweat and tears. Any mutation in genes of CFTR cause the cystic fibrosis disorder and affect the transmembrane protein functioning.

Question

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Answer 1

Question

Definition Definition Organ system that helps in the digestion of food by mechanical and biochemical processes. The digestive system breaks down food into simpler components that enable the body to then absorb or transport nutrients. The human digestive system includes the gastrointestinal tract or alimentary canal and the associate glands. The organs of the gastrointestinal tract include the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine. The associated glands include salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas.

Chapter 5, Problem 1TC

Summary Introduction

To explain:

The reason that why the defective protein results in a thick sticky mucous outside the cells rather than a loose fluid covering in cystic fibrosis genetic disorder.

Introduction:

The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein is expressed when an individual inherits a pair of the recessive allele of the cystic fibrosis gene. This gene then expresses and translates into nonfunctional proteins (cystic fibrosis). This protein then forms a transmembrane conductance regulator which forms the chlorine channels that surrounds the membranes, which produce mucus, sweat and tears. Any mutation in genes of CFTR cause the cystic fibrosis disorder and affect the transmembrane protein functioning.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

Chlorine channels present on the cell membrane are necessary for the transport of chloride ions that helps in the water movement which is essential for the production of mucus. Mucous is a mixture of water and glycoproteins. The balance between water and volume of mucous is maintained by the release and absorption of ions and water across the cell membrane. This mucus protects the epithelial lining of lungs and digestive system from any infections.

But in a genetic disorder cystic fibrosis, improper folding of the cystic fibrosis proteins affects the functioning of the chlorine channels which prevents the efflux of chloride ions outside the cell. Thus, chlorine ions are accumulated inside the cells that results in less water movement outside and formation of mucous outside the cell. Due to closure of channels, the water movement outside the cell is prevented and the water content of mucous decreases. This results in more thick and sticky mucus accumulation instead of fluid outside the cell. This causes entrapment of bacteria as the cilia of epithelial cells are unable to remove excess mucous from the surrounding of cell. This causes the chronic respiratory infections.

Conclusion

The prevention of efflux of chloride ions outside the cell disturbs the balance between water and mucous volume as water does not leave cells and causes more thick mucus formation instead of fluid.

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!

Students have asked these similar questions

A sample of blood was taken from the above individual and prepared for haemoglobin analysis. However, when water was added the cells did not lyse and looked normal in size and shape. The technician suspected that they had may have made an error in the protocol – what is the most likely explanation? The cell membranes are more resistant than normal. An isotonic solution had been added instead of water. A solution of 0.1 M NaCl had been added instead of water. Not enough water had been added to the red blood cell pellet. The man had sickle-cell anaemia.

With reference to their absorption spectra of the oxy haemoglobin intact line) and deoxyhemoglobin (broken line) shown in Figure 2 below, how would you best explain the reason why there are differences in the major peaks of the spectra? Figure 2. SPECTRA OF OXYGENATED AND DEOXYGENATED HAEMOGLOBIN OBTAINED WITH THE RECORDING SPECTROPHOTOMETER 1.4 Abs < 0.8 06 0.4 400 420 440 460 480 500 520 540 560 580 600 nm 1. The difference in the spectra is due to a pH change in the deoxy-haemoglobin due to uptake of CO2- 2. There is more oxygen-carrying plasma in the oxy-haemoglobin sample. 3. The change in Mr due to oxygen binding causes the oxy haemoglobin to have a higher absorbance peak. 4. Oxy-haemoglobin is contaminated by carbaminohemoglobin, and therefore has a higher absorbance peak 5. Oxy-haemoglobin absorbs more light of blue wavelengths and less of red wavelengths than deoxy-haemoglobin

Answer 2

Question

Definition Definition Organ system that helps in the digestion of food by mechanical and biochemical processes. The digestive system breaks down food into simpler components that enable the body to then absorb or transport nutrients. The human digestive system includes the gastrointestinal tract or alimentary canal and the associate glands. The organs of the gastrointestinal tract include the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine. The associated glands include salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas.

Chapter 5, Problem 1TC

Summary Introduction

To explain:

The reason that why the defective protein results in a thick sticky mucous outside the cells rather than a loose fluid covering in cystic fibrosis genetic disorder.

Introduction:

The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein is expressed when an individual inherits a pair of the recessive allele of the cystic fibrosis gene. This gene then expresses and translates into nonfunctional proteins (cystic fibrosis). This protein then forms a transmembrane conductance regulator which forms the chlorine channels that surrounds the membranes, which produce mucus, sweat and tears. Any mutation in genes of CFTR cause the cystic fibrosis disorder and affect the transmembrane protein functioning.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

Chlorine channels present on the cell membrane are necessary for the transport of chloride ions that helps in the water movement which is essential for the production of mucus. Mucous is a mixture of water and glycoproteins. The balance between water and volume of mucous is maintained by the release and absorption of ions and water across the cell membrane. This mucus protects the epithelial lining of lungs and digestive system from any infections.

But in a genetic disorder cystic fibrosis, improper folding of the cystic fibrosis proteins affects the functioning of the chlorine channels which prevents the efflux of chloride ions outside the cell. Thus, chlorine ions are accumulated inside the cells that results in less water movement outside and formation of mucous outside the cell. Due to closure of channels, the water movement outside the cell is prevented and the water content of mucous decreases. This results in more thick and sticky mucus accumulation instead of fluid outside the cell. This causes entrapment of bacteria as the cilia of epithelial cells are unable to remove excess mucous from the surrounding of cell. This causes the chronic respiratory infections.

Conclusion

The prevention of efflux of chloride ions outside the cell disturbs the balance between water and mucous volume as water does not leave cells and causes more thick mucus formation instead of fluid.

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!

Answer 3

Question

Definition Definition Organ system that helps in the digestion of food by mechanical and biochemical processes. The digestive system breaks down food into simpler components that enable the body to then absorb or transport nutrients. The human digestive system includes the gastrointestinal tract or alimentary canal and the associate glands. The organs of the gastrointestinal tract include the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine. The associated glands include salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas.

Chapter 5, Problem 1TC

Summary Introduction

To explain:

The reason that why the defective protein results in a thick sticky mucous outside the cells rather than a loose fluid covering in cystic fibrosis genetic disorder.

Introduction:

The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein is expressed when an individual inherits a pair of the recessive allele of the cystic fibrosis gene. This gene then expresses and translates into nonfunctional proteins (cystic fibrosis). This protein then forms a transmembrane conductance regulator which forms the chlorine channels that surrounds the membranes, which produce mucus, sweat and tears. Any mutation in genes of CFTR cause the cystic fibrosis disorder and affect the transmembrane protein functioning.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

Chlorine channels present on the cell membrane are necessary for the transport of chloride ions that helps in the water movement which is essential for the production of mucus. Mucous is a mixture of water and glycoproteins. The balance between water and volume of mucous is maintained by the release and absorption of ions and water across the cell membrane. This mucus protects the epithelial lining of lungs and digestive system from any infections.

But in a genetic disorder cystic fibrosis, improper folding of the cystic fibrosis proteins affects the functioning of the chlorine channels which prevents the efflux of chloride ions outside the cell. Thus, chlorine ions are accumulated inside the cells that results in less water movement outside and formation of mucous outside the cell. Due to closure of channels, the water movement outside the cell is prevented and the water content of mucous decreases. This results in more thick and sticky mucus accumulation instead of fluid outside the cell. This causes entrapment of bacteria as the cilia of epithelial cells are unable to remove excess mucous from the surrounding of cell. This causes the chronic respiratory infections.

Conclusion

The prevention of efflux of chloride ions outside the cell disturbs the balance between water and mucous volume as water does not leave cells and causes more thick mucus formation instead of fluid.

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!

Answer 4

Question

Definition Definition Organ system that helps in the digestion of food by mechanical and biochemical processes. The digestive system breaks down food into simpler components that enable the body to then absorb or transport nutrients. The human digestive system includes the gastrointestinal tract or alimentary canal and the associate glands. The organs of the gastrointestinal tract include the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine. The associated glands include salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas.

Chapter 5, Problem 1TC

Summary Introduction

To explain:

The reason that why the defective protein results in a thick sticky mucous outside the cells rather than a loose fluid covering in cystic fibrosis genetic disorder.

Introduction:

The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein is expressed when an individual inherits a pair of the recessive allele of the cystic fibrosis gene. This gene then expresses and translates into nonfunctional proteins (cystic fibrosis). This protein then forms a transmembrane conductance regulator which forms the chlorine channels that surrounds the membranes, which produce mucus, sweat and tears. Any mutation in genes of CFTR cause the cystic fibrosis disorder and affect the transmembrane protein functioning.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

Chlorine channels present on the cell membrane are necessary for the transport of chloride ions that helps in the water movement which is essential for the production of mucus. Mucous is a mixture of water and glycoproteins. The balance between water and volume of mucous is maintained by the release and absorption of ions and water across the cell membrane. This mucus protects the epithelial lining of lungs and digestive system from any infections.

But in a genetic disorder cystic fibrosis, improper folding of the cystic fibrosis proteins affects the functioning of the chlorine channels which prevents the efflux of chloride ions outside the cell. Thus, chlorine ions are accumulated inside the cells that results in less water movement outside and formation of mucous outside the cell. Due to closure of channels, the water movement outside the cell is prevented and the water content of mucous decreases. This results in more thick and sticky mucus accumulation instead of fluid outside the cell. This causes entrapment of bacteria as the cilia of epithelial cells are unable to remove excess mucous from the surrounding of cell. This causes the chronic respiratory infections.

Conclusion

The prevention of efflux of chloride ions outside the cell disturbs the balance between water and mucous volume as water does not leave cells and causes more thick mucus formation instead of fluid.

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!

Answer 5

Chapter 5, Problem 1TC

Summary Introduction

To explain:

The reason that why the defective protein results in a thick sticky mucous outside the cells rather than a loose fluid covering in cystic fibrosis genetic disorder.

Introduction:

The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein is expressed when an individual inherits a pair of the recessive allele of the cystic fibrosis gene. This gene then expresses and translates into nonfunctional proteins (cystic fibrosis). This protein then forms a transmembrane conductance regulator which forms the chlorine channels that surrounds the membranes, which produce mucus, sweat and tears. Any mutation in genes of CFTR cause the cystic fibrosis disorder and affect the transmembrane protein functioning.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

Chlorine channels present on the cell membrane are necessary for the transport of chloride ions that helps in the water movement which is essential for the production of mucus. Mucous is a mixture of water and glycoproteins. The balance between water and volume of mucous is maintained by the release and absorption of ions and water across the cell membrane. This mucus protects the epithelial lining of lungs and digestive system from any infections.

But in a genetic disorder cystic fibrosis, improper folding of the cystic fibrosis proteins affects the functioning of the chlorine channels which prevents the efflux of chloride ions outside the cell. Thus, chlorine ions are accumulated inside the cells that results in less water movement outside and formation of mucous outside the cell. Due to closure of channels, the water movement outside the cell is prevented and the water content of mucous decreases. This results in more thick and sticky mucus accumulation instead of fluid outside the cell. This causes entrapment of bacteria as the cilia of epithelial cells are unable to remove excess mucous from the surrounding of cell. This causes the chronic respiratory infections.

Conclusion

The prevention of efflux of chloride ions outside the cell disturbs the balance between water and mucous volume as water does not leave cells and causes more thick mucus formation instead of fluid.

Answer 6

Chapter 5, Problem 1TC

Summary Introduction

To explain:

The reason that why the defective protein results in a thick sticky mucous outside the cells rather than a loose fluid covering in cystic fibrosis genetic disorder.

Introduction:

The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein is expressed when an individual inherits a pair of the recessive allele of the cystic fibrosis gene. This gene then expresses and translates into nonfunctional proteins (cystic fibrosis). This protein then forms a transmembrane conductance regulator which forms the chlorine channels that surrounds the membranes, which produce mucus, sweat and tears. Any mutation in genes of CFTR cause the cystic fibrosis disorder and affect the transmembrane protein functioning.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

Chlorine channels present on the cell membrane are necessary for the transport of chloride ions that helps in the water movement which is essential for the production of mucus. Mucous is a mixture of water and glycoproteins. The balance between water and volume of mucous is maintained by the release and absorption of ions and water across the cell membrane. This mucus protects the epithelial lining of lungs and digestive system from any infections.

But in a genetic disorder cystic fibrosis, improper folding of the cystic fibrosis proteins affects the functioning of the chlorine channels which prevents the efflux of chloride ions outside the cell. Thus, chlorine ions are accumulated inside the cells that results in less water movement outside and formation of mucous outside the cell. Due to closure of channels, the water movement outside the cell is prevented and the water content of mucous decreases. This results in more thick and sticky mucus accumulation instead of fluid outside the cell. This causes entrapment of bacteria as the cilia of epithelial cells are unable to remove excess mucous from the surrounding of cell. This causes the chronic respiratory infections.

Conclusion

The prevention of efflux of chloride ions outside the cell disturbs the balance between water and mucous volume as water does not leave cells and causes more thick mucus formation instead of fluid.

Answer 7

Chapter 5, Problem 1TC

Summary Introduction

To explain:

The reason that why the defective protein results in a thick sticky mucous outside the cells rather than a loose fluid covering in cystic fibrosis genetic disorder.

Introduction:

The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein is expressed when an individual inherits a pair of the recessive allele of the cystic fibrosis gene. This gene then expresses and translates into nonfunctional proteins (cystic fibrosis). This protein then forms a transmembrane conductance regulator which forms the chlorine channels that surrounds the membranes, which produce mucus, sweat and tears. Any mutation in genes of CFTR cause the cystic fibrosis disorder and affect the transmembrane protein functioning.

Answer 8

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

Chlorine channels present on the cell membrane are necessary for the transport of chloride ions that helps in the water movement which is essential for the production of mucus. Mucous is a mixture of water and glycoproteins. The balance between water and volume of mucous is maintained by the release and absorption of ions and water across the cell membrane. This mucus protects the epithelial lining of lungs and digestive system from any infections.

But in a genetic disorder cystic fibrosis, improper folding of the cystic fibrosis proteins affects the functioning of the chlorine channels which prevents the efflux of chloride ions outside the cell. Thus, chlorine ions are accumulated inside the cells that results in less water movement outside and formation of mucous outside the cell. Due to closure of channels, the water movement outside the cell is prevented and the water content of mucous decreases. This results in more thick and sticky mucus accumulation instead of fluid outside the cell. This causes entrapment of bacteria as the cilia of epithelial cells are unable to remove excess mucous from the surrounding of cell. This causes the chronic respiratory infections.

Answer 9

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 10

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 11

Conclusion

The prevention of efflux of chloride ions outside the cell disturbs the balance between water and mucous volume as water does not leave cells and causes more thick mucus formation instead of fluid.

Answer 12

Ch. 5.1 - 1. If your cells neded to respond rapidly to a...Ch. 5.1 - Prob. 1BS.2QC Ch. 5.1 - 1. Explain why phospholipids play such an...Ch. 5.1 - Describe the role of proteins in the fluid-mosaic...Ch. 5.1 - Prob. 3CYP Ch. 5.2 - Prob. 1CYP Ch. 5.2 - Prob. 2CYP Ch. 5.2 - Prob. 3CYP Ch. 5.3 - Prob. 1CYP Ch. 5.3 - Prob. 2CYP

Videos

Explanation of Solution

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Chapter 5 Solutions