
Introduction
In this case, the answer is option (C) A 12-month-old human infant.

Explanation of Solution
Correct answer and explanation
While humans have a sense of self, researchers wanted to know at what point this self-concept began developing. After using a variation of the red-dye test with toddlers, researchers found that human self-recognition develops at around 18 to 24 months of age (1.5 to 2 years old). Thus, a 12-month-old human baby would not have yet reached the age when this ability typically develops.
Explanations for incorrect options
Option (A) refers to an orangutan. However, studies suggest that orangutans do in fact have at least a rudimentary sense of self. So, option (a) is incorrect.
Option (B) refers to a chimpanzee. However, studies suggest that chimpanzees do in fact have at least a rudimentary sense of self. So, option (b) is incorrect.
Option (D) refers to a 3-year-old human child. However, researchers have found that human self-recognition develops at around 18 to 24 months (1.5 to 2 years old). Thus, a 3-year-old human child would in fact be very likely to pass this mirror test. So, option (d) is incorrect.
Therefore, the options (A), (B), and (D) are incorrect.
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Chapter 5 Solutions
Social Psychology (10th Edition)
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