The characteristics of viruses that could be used to characterize them as life forms. Introduction: Viruses are defined as the biological agent that is able to reproduce inside the cell of living host. After infection, the host cell produces thousands of identical copies of viruses. They can infect all living organisms such as animals, plants, microorganisms, and humans.

Question

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 5, Problem 1CT

(a)

Summary Introduction

To determine:

The characteristics of viruses that could be used to characterize them as life forms.

Introduction:

Viruses are defined as the biological agent that is able to reproduce inside the cell of living host. After infection, the host cell produces thousands of identical copies of viruses. They can infect all living organisms such as animals, plants, microorganisms, and humans.

(a)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

The virus is defined as non-cellular organisms which is composed of genetic material such as either DNA or RNA and protein. They have the ability to invade in living cells. Viruses are considered as both living and non-living organisms. The general characteristics of viruses are as follows:

(a) Viruses are enclosed within a protective envelope which is made of lipoprotein.

(b) Viruses are composed of viral protein coat which is called as capsid and capsid and envelope are responsible for infection in the host.

(c) They are composed of spikes that help in the attachment of viruses with the host cell.

(d) They have to ability to reproduce and form multiple copies inside the host cell.

(e) Viruses may contain either DNA or RNA as their genetic material.

(f) Viruses are active and considered as living cells when they are inside their host.

(b)

Summary Introduction

To determine:

The viruses make them lifeless molecule.

Introduction:

Viruses are defined as the biological agent that is able to reproduce inside the cell of living host. After infection, the host cell produces thousands of identical copies of viruses. They can infect all living organisms such as animals, plants, microorganisms, and humans.

(b)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Viruses are non-cellular parasites that can exist in both living and non-living forms. They do not have the ability to metabolize molecules and respire. They are not composed of cell organelles. Viruses do not have their own replication machinery. They have the ability to crystallize and can also be precipitated. Viruses when in the non-living state do not show growth, development, nutrition, and reproduction.

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Using information from the primary literature (several references have been provided as a starting point below) please answer the following question: Based on your review of the literature on rewilding, what are the major scientific pros and cons for rewilding? Please note that the focus of this assignment are the (biological) scientific issues associated with rewilding. As will be discussed in class, there are a number of non-scientific issues involved or implicated in rewilding, all ultimately affecting the public acceptability of rewilding. Although these issues are important – indeed, critical – in this assignment you should focus on the biological science issues and questions. Details: You must enumerate at least two pros and at least two cons. Your answer should be no more than 500 well-chosen words, excluding references. Think carefully about how best to organize and structure your answer. Aim for high information density: say a lot, but say it succinctly. Recall Nietzche’s…

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 5, Problem 1CT

(a)

Summary Introduction

To determine:

The characteristics of viruses that could be used to characterize them as life forms.

Introduction:

Viruses are defined as the biological agent that is able to reproduce inside the cell of living host. After infection, the host cell produces thousands of identical copies of viruses. They can infect all living organisms such as animals, plants, microorganisms, and humans.

(a)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

The virus is defined as non-cellular organisms which is composed of genetic material such as either DNA or RNA and protein. They have the ability to invade in living cells. Viruses are considered as both living and non-living organisms. The general characteristics of viruses are as follows:

(a) Viruses are enclosed within a protective envelope which is made of lipoprotein.

(b) Viruses are composed of viral protein coat which is called as capsid and capsid and envelope are responsible for infection in the host.

(c) They are composed of spikes that help in the attachment of viruses with the host cell.

(d) They have to ability to reproduce and form multiple copies inside the host cell.

(e) Viruses may contain either DNA or RNA as their genetic material.

(f) Viruses are active and considered as living cells when they are inside their host.

(b)

Summary Introduction

To determine:

The viruses make them lifeless molecule.

Introduction:

Viruses are defined as the biological agent that is able to reproduce inside the cell of living host. After infection, the host cell produces thousands of identical copies of viruses. They can infect all living organisms such as animals, plants, microorganisms, and humans.

(b)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Viruses are non-cellular parasites that can exist in both living and non-living forms. They do not have the ability to metabolize molecules and respire. They are not composed of cell organelles. Viruses do not have their own replication machinery. They have the ability to crystallize and can also be precipitated. Viruses when in the non-living state do not show growth, development, nutrition, and reproduction.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 5, Problem 1CT

(a)

Summary Introduction

To determine:

The characteristics of viruses that could be used to characterize them as life forms.

Introduction:

Viruses are defined as the biological agent that is able to reproduce inside the cell of living host. After infection, the host cell produces thousands of identical copies of viruses. They can infect all living organisms such as animals, plants, microorganisms, and humans.

(a)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

The virus is defined as non-cellular organisms which is composed of genetic material such as either DNA or RNA and protein. They have the ability to invade in living cells. Viruses are considered as both living and non-living organisms. The general characteristics of viruses are as follows:

(a) Viruses are enclosed within a protective envelope which is made of lipoprotein.

(b) Viruses are composed of viral protein coat which is called as capsid and capsid and envelope are responsible for infection in the host.

(c) They are composed of spikes that help in the attachment of viruses with the host cell.

(d) They have to ability to reproduce and form multiple copies inside the host cell.

(e) Viruses may contain either DNA or RNA as their genetic material.

(f) Viruses are active and considered as living cells when they are inside their host.

(b)

Summary Introduction

To determine:

The viruses make them lifeless molecule.

Introduction:

Viruses are defined as the biological agent that is able to reproduce inside the cell of living host. After infection, the host cell produces thousands of identical copies of viruses. They can infect all living organisms such as animals, plants, microorganisms, and humans.

(b)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Viruses are non-cellular parasites that can exist in both living and non-living forms. They do not have the ability to metabolize molecules and respire. They are not composed of cell organelles. Viruses do not have their own replication machinery. They have the ability to crystallize and can also be precipitated. Viruses when in the non-living state do not show growth, development, nutrition, and reproduction.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 5, Problem 1CT

(a)

Summary Introduction

To determine:

The characteristics of viruses that could be used to characterize them as life forms.

Introduction:

Viruses are defined as the biological agent that is able to reproduce inside the cell of living host. After infection, the host cell produces thousands of identical copies of viruses. They can infect all living organisms such as animals, plants, microorganisms, and humans.

(a)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

The virus is defined as non-cellular organisms which is composed of genetic material such as either DNA or RNA and protein. They have the ability to invade in living cells. Viruses are considered as both living and non-living organisms. The general characteristics of viruses are as follows:

(a) Viruses are enclosed within a protective envelope which is made of lipoprotein.

(b) Viruses are composed of viral protein coat which is called as capsid and capsid and envelope are responsible for infection in the host.

(c) They are composed of spikes that help in the attachment of viruses with the host cell.

(d) They have to ability to reproduce and form multiple copies inside the host cell.

(e) Viruses may contain either DNA or RNA as their genetic material.

(f) Viruses are active and considered as living cells when they are inside their host.

(b)

Summary Introduction

To determine:

The viruses make them lifeless molecule.

Introduction:

Viruses are defined as the biological agent that is able to reproduce inside the cell of living host. After infection, the host cell produces thousands of identical copies of viruses. They can infect all living organisms such as animals, plants, microorganisms, and humans.

(b)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Viruses are non-cellular parasites that can exist in both living and non-living forms. They do not have the ability to metabolize molecules and respire. They are not composed of cell organelles. Viruses do not have their own replication machinery. They have the ability to crystallize and can also be precipitated. Viruses when in the non-living state do not show growth, development, nutrition, and reproduction.

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Answer 5

Chapter 5, Problem 1CT

(a)

Summary Introduction

To determine:

The characteristics of viruses that could be used to characterize them as life forms.

Introduction:

Viruses are defined as the biological agent that is able to reproduce inside the cell of living host. After infection, the host cell produces thousands of identical copies of viruses. They can infect all living organisms such as animals, plants, microorganisms, and humans.

(a)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

The virus is defined as non-cellular organisms which is composed of genetic material such as either DNA or RNA and protein. They have the ability to invade in living cells. Viruses are considered as both living and non-living organisms. The general characteristics of viruses are as follows:

(a) Viruses are enclosed within a protective envelope which is made of lipoprotein.

(b) Viruses are composed of viral protein coat which is called as capsid and capsid and envelope are responsible for infection in the host.

(c) They are composed of spikes that help in the attachment of viruses with the host cell.

(d) They have to ability to reproduce and form multiple copies inside the host cell.

(e) Viruses may contain either DNA or RNA as their genetic material.

(f) Viruses are active and considered as living cells when they are inside their host.

(b)

Summary Introduction

To determine:

The viruses make them lifeless molecule.

Introduction:

Viruses are defined as the biological agent that is able to reproduce inside the cell of living host. After infection, the host cell produces thousands of identical copies of viruses. They can infect all living organisms such as animals, plants, microorganisms, and humans.

(b)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Viruses are non-cellular parasites that can exist in both living and non-living forms. They do not have the ability to metabolize molecules and respire. They are not composed of cell organelles. Viruses do not have their own replication machinery. They have the ability to crystallize and can also be precipitated. Viruses when in the non-living state do not show growth, development, nutrition, and reproduction.

Answer 6

Chapter 5, Problem 1CT

(a)

Summary Introduction

To determine:

The characteristics of viruses that could be used to characterize them as life forms.

Introduction:

Viruses are defined as the biological agent that is able to reproduce inside the cell of living host. After infection, the host cell produces thousands of identical copies of viruses. They can infect all living organisms such as animals, plants, microorganisms, and humans.

(a)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

The virus is defined as non-cellular organisms which is composed of genetic material such as either DNA or RNA and protein. They have the ability to invade in living cells. Viruses are considered as both living and non-living organisms. The general characteristics of viruses are as follows:

(a) Viruses are enclosed within a protective envelope which is made of lipoprotein.

(b) Viruses are composed of viral protein coat which is called as capsid and capsid and envelope are responsible for infection in the host.

(c) They are composed of spikes that help in the attachment of viruses with the host cell.

(d) They have to ability to reproduce and form multiple copies inside the host cell.

(e) Viruses may contain either DNA or RNA as their genetic material.

(f) Viruses are active and considered as living cells when they are inside their host.

Answer 7

Chapter 5, Problem 1CT

(a)

Summary Introduction

To determine:

The characteristics of viruses that could be used to characterize them as life forms.

Introduction:

Viruses are defined as the biological agent that is able to reproduce inside the cell of living host. After infection, the host cell produces thousands of identical copies of viruses. They can infect all living organisms such as animals, plants, microorganisms, and humans.

Answer 8

(a)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

The virus is defined as non-cellular organisms which is composed of genetic material such as either DNA or RNA and protein. They have the ability to invade in living cells. Viruses are considered as both living and non-living organisms. The general characteristics of viruses are as follows:

(a) Viruses are enclosed within a protective envelope which is made of lipoprotein.

(b) Viruses are composed of viral protein coat which is called as capsid and capsid and envelope are responsible for infection in the host.

(c) They are composed of spikes that help in the attachment of viruses with the host cell.

(d) They have to ability to reproduce and form multiple copies inside the host cell.

(e) Viruses may contain either DNA or RNA as their genetic material.

(f) Viruses are active and considered as living cells when they are inside their host.

Answer 9

(a)

Expert Solution

Answer 10

(a)

Expert Solution

Answer 11

Expert Solution

Answer 12

(b)

Summary Introduction

To determine:

The viruses make them lifeless molecule.

Introduction:

Viruses are defined as the biological agent that is able to reproduce inside the cell of living host. After infection, the host cell produces thousands of identical copies of viruses. They can infect all living organisms such as animals, plants, microorganisms, and humans.

(b)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Viruses are non-cellular parasites that can exist in both living and non-living forms. They do not have the ability to metabolize molecules and respire. They are not composed of cell organelles. Viruses do not have their own replication machinery. They have the ability to crystallize and can also be precipitated. Viruses when in the non-living state do not show growth, development, nutrition, and reproduction.

Answer 13

(b)

Summary Introduction

To determine:

The viruses make them lifeless molecule.

Introduction:

Viruses are defined as the biological agent that is able to reproduce inside the cell of living host. After infection, the host cell produces thousands of identical copies of viruses. They can infect all living organisms such as animals, plants, microorganisms, and humans.

Answer 14

(b)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Viruses are non-cellular parasites that can exist in both living and non-living forms. They do not have the ability to metabolize molecules and respire. They are not composed of cell organelles. Viruses do not have their own replication machinery. They have the ability to crystallize and can also be precipitated. Viruses when in the non-living state do not show growth, development, nutrition, and reproduction.