Chapter 5, Problem 101QP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

A balanced net ionic equation for the given reaction is to be written with physical state of each substance.

Explanation of Solution

Sodium chloride $\left(\text{NaCl}\right)$ and sodium sulfate $\left({\text{Na}}_2{\text{SO}}_4\right)$ are electrolytes whereas silver sulfate $\left({\text{Ag}}_2{\text{SO}}_4\right)$ and silver chloride $\left(\text{AgCl}\right)$ are non-electrolytes. The balanced molecular equation of the given reaction with the physical state of each substance is as follows:

$\text{2NaCl}(aq)+{\text{Ag}}_{\text{2}}{\text{SO}}_4(s)\to {\text{Na}}_{\text{2}}{\text{SO}}_4(aq)+2\text{AgCl}(s)$

In an ionic equation, the electrolytes are written as separated ions. The ionic equation of the given reaction is as follows:

${\text{2Na}}^{+}(aq)+2{\text{Cl}}^{-}(aq)+{\text{Ag}}_{\text{2}}{\text{SO}}_4(s)\to 2{\text{Na}}^{+}(aq)+{\text{SO}}_4^{2-}(aq)+2\text{AgCl}(s)$

Sodium ion (Na+) is present on both the sides of reaction. So, Na+ is a spectator ion in the given reaction and is removed to get the net ionic equation. The balanced net ionic equation is as follows:

$2{\text{Cl}}^{-}(aq)+{\text{Ag}}_{\text{2}}{\text{SO}}_4(s)\to {\text{SO}}_4^{2-}(aq)+2\text{AgCl}(s)$

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

A balanced net ionic equation for the given reaction is to be written with physical state of each substance.

Explanation of Solution

Copper (II) chlorideand hydrochloric acid are electrolytes whereas copper (II) hydroxide and water are non-electrolytes. The balanced molecular equation with the physical state of each substance is as follows:

${\text{Cu(OH)}}_2(s)+2\text{HCl}(aq)\to {\text{CuCl}}_{\text{2}}(aq)+2{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}(l)$

The ionic equation of the above reaction is as follows:

${\text{Cu(OH)}}_2(s)+2{\text{H}}^{+}(aq)+2{\text{Cl}}^{-}(aq)\to {\text{Cu}}^{2+}(aq)+2{\text{Cl}}^{-}(aq)+2{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}(l)$

As chloride ion is spectator ion, the net ionic equation is as follows:

${\text{Cu(OH)}}_2(s)+2{\text{H}}^{+}(aq)\to {\text{Cu}}^{2+}(aq)+2{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}(l)$

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

A balanced net ionic equation for the given reaction is to be written with physical state of each substance.

Explanation of Solution

Except for barium chloride, all other substances in the given reaction are non-electrolytes. The balanced molecular equation is as follows:

${\text{BaCl}}_{\text{2}}(aq)+{\text{Ag}}_{\text{2}}{\text{SO}}_4(s)\to {\text{BaSO}}_4(s)+2\text{AgCl}(s)$

As barium chloride is an electrolyte, the ionic equation is as follows:

${\text{Ba}}^{2+}(aq)+2{\text{Cl}}^{-}(aq)+{\text{Ag}}_{\text{2}}{\text{SO}}_4(s)\to {\text{BaSO}}_4(s)+2\text{AgCl}(s)$

As no ion is spectator ion, the net ionic equation is thesame as the ionic equation.