Concept explainers
Introduction:
The brain is a complex system that controls various activities. The limbic system is a set of brain structures that are present beneath the thalamus. The limbic system is involved in emotion, memory, learning, and motivation. Amygdala is an almond-shaped mass of nuclei located near the base of the cerebrum. It controls the emotional memory such as a frightening event that can trigger faster heart rate, sweating or fear. The medulla oblongata is the lower part of the brain stem. It deals with the autonomic functions, homeostatic functions such as breathing, heart rate, and blood pressure. The cerebellum is a part of the hindbrain. It controls involuntary activities such as blood circulation and coordinates motor activities such as locomotion.
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Campbell Biology (11th Edition)
- A neurosurgeon probes a person’s brain to map its functions. The person is awake and feels no pain during this procedure. As each area of the brain is probed, the person perceives a different sensation, as described in the table. Which structure (or lobe) of the brain is being stimulated in each scenario? [You do not need to explain why. Just state the lobe or structure] a) “I can hear a radio playing” _____________________ b) “I can see a flash of bright light” _____________________ c) “I can smell the flowers in my garden” ______________________ d) “I remember a happy moment from my childhood” ____________________ e) “I can feel pain in my foot” ____________________ f) “My finger just twitched” ____________________arrow_forwardWhich of the following is part of the hindbrain Question 9 options: A) Pons B) Tectum C) Tegmentum D) Thalamus E) Cerebrumarrow_forwardTraumatic damage to the spinal cord is common. Based on the information in Figure 2 and Table 2, is it possible that an entire column of white matter could be damaged without causing any problems with movement? Explain your answer carefully and thoroughly.arrow_forward
- Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is made by groups of ciliated glial cells called [ Select ] in clumps called (A) [ Select ] which are mostly located in cavities within the brain called (B) ventricles . CSF flows out of those cavities into the (C) ventricular space, which sits deep to the dura mater and is held open by strands of tissue called arachnoid (D) villi . This space surrounds the brain and the spinal cord and carries waste from the CNS to the circulatory system. After circulating around the brain and spinal cord, CSF drains back into the circulatory system in spaces called (E) subarachnoid space .arrow_forwardCoordination and timing of movements and balance are functions of which of the following brain structures? a- basal ganglia b- motor cortex c- midbrain motor centers d- cerebellumarrow_forwardDue to a traumatic injury to Daniel's head, he has to go through a critical surgery where a part of his brain called as hippocampus has been removed by the neurosurgeon. Based on your knowledge, what will the consequence of such surgery on Daniel's brain function and what kind of challenges, he is likely to face if he survived post critical surgery? Justify your answer.arrow_forward
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- Imagine you are walking and encounter an unexpected change in ground elevation and you begin to stumble. In order to recover your balance, what components of the nervous systems would be most significantly involved? a.) Cerebrum and corticospinal tracts b.) Primary motor cortex and corticospinal tracts c.) Cerebellum and vestibulospinal tracts d.) Sensory cortex and somatosensory tractsarrow_forwardIn your own words, can you differentiate a nerve from a tract, a nucleus from a ganglion?arrow_forwardThe concept of “labeled lines” states that each nerve input to the brain reports only a particular type of information, such as auditory versus visual information. Does this happen because the nature of the nerve fibers conveying the information is unique or because the nature of the brain location where the signals are received is unique? How do you know this?arrow_forward
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