Biology (MindTap Course List)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781337392938
Author: Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. Berg
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Textbook Question
Chapter 46.2, Problem 2C
How does gas exchange differ among the following animals: earthworm, grasshopper, fish, and bird?
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Which of the following pairs of mammalian blood vessels has blood that is the least similar in its gas content?
A) the pulmonary vein and the jugular vein
B) the veins from the right and left legs
C) the pulmonary artery and the vena cava
D) the pulmonary vein and the aorta
E) the inferior vena cava and the superior vena cava
What are the physiological trade-offs of efficient gas exchange in vertebrates?
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Gills are the main site of gas exchange in almost all fishes. The gills consist of bony or cartilaginously stiffened arches that anchor pairs of gill filaments. In sharks, the pairs of gill filaments are separated by a fleshy septum. The numerous, minute lamellae that protrude from both sides of each filament are the primary sites of gas exchange; however, not all the blood flow in the gills is directed to the lamellae. "Nonrespiratory basal blood channels or venolymphatic simuses may carry a significant fraction of the gall blood found that resting rainbow trout perfused approximately 58% of their lamellae with blood. Trout in hypoxic (low dissolved oxygen) water or injected with epinepherine (eg. simulating stress or excitement) perfused more than 70% of their lamellae. Conversely, injections of acetylcholine decreased perfused lamellae to approximately 43%. These results indicate that rainbow trout can increase the number of lamellae that are used in respiration as the…
Chapter 46 Solutions
Biology (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 46.1 - Compare the advantages and disadvantages of air...Ch. 46.1 - What are some advantages of gas exchange in air...Ch. 46.2 - Describe the following adaptations for gas...Ch. 46.2 - Why are specialized respiratory structures...Ch. 46.2 - How does gas exchange differ among the following...Ch. 46.2 - How does the countercurrent exchange system...Ch. 46.3 - Prob. 3LOCh. 46.3 - Prob. 4LOCh. 46.3 - Prob. 5LOCh. 46.3 - Describe the regulation of breathing in humans and...
Ch. 46.3 - What is the sequence of inhaled airflow through...Ch. 46.3 - Prob. 2CCh. 46.3 - Prob. 3CCh. 46.3 - Prob. 4CCh. 46.4 - Prob. 7LOCh. 46.4 - Prob. 1CCh. 46.4 - Prob. 2CCh. 46 - Test Your Understanding 1. Which of the following...Ch. 46 - Prob. 2TYUCh. 46 - Prob. 3TYUCh. 46 - Prob. 4TYUCh. 46 - Test Your Understanding 5. Which sequence most...Ch. 46 - Prob. 6TYUCh. 46 - Test Your Understanding 7. According to Ficks law...Ch. 46 - Prob. 8TYUCh. 46 - Prob. 9TYUCh. 46 - Prob. 10TYUCh. 46 - Test Your Understanding 11. VISUALIZE Draw and...Ch. 46 - Test Your Understanding 12. EVOLUTION LINK What...Ch. 46 - Test Your Understanding 13. INTEREPT DATA Look at...Ch. 46 - Test Your Understanding 14. PREDICT What problems...Ch. 46 - Prob. 15TYUCh. 46 - EVOLUTION LINK Aquatic mammals such as whales and...Ch. 46 - Prob. 17TYU
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- Briefly describe the differences in respiratory needs and structures used for gas exchange in the squid, oyster, and a terrestrial snail.arrow_forwardwhat are 2 factors that contribute to the efficiency of gas exchange in fish gills and why are they the most efficient respiratory organ?arrow_forwardCan you answer all the parts to this question regarding fish A: Describe countercurrent exchange in your own words. B: Describe concurrent exchange in your own words. C: Mammals have dead end sacs called “alveoli” and don’t have the super efficient countercurrent exchange system seen in fish. Why do you think countercurrent exchange is necessary for fish? (hint: think about the difference between where most mammals and fish live).arrow_forward
- What is the main difference between humans and seals regarding oxygen stores? a) Humans store more O2 in the blood than seals b) Humans have less O2 per mL of hemoglobin than seals c) Seals store less O2 in the lungs than humans d) Seals store more O2 in the lungs than humansarrow_forwardHow is the respiratorysystem of birds characterized?arrow_forwardWhat is the gas exchangeunit of the mammalian lungs?arrow_forward
- How does the countercurrent exchange system increase the efficiency of gas exchange between a fish’s gills and blood?arrow_forward1) Electric eels are dependent on air breathing. They take up oxygen from the air that they gulp into their mouths and then blow back out. In what way are their mouths similar to gills? A) They both bring oxygen against its concentration gradient from the lower levels in the water or air to the higher levels in the blood. B) They both have large numbers of capillary beds very close to the skin. C) They both have large numbers of microvilli in their respiratory membrane to provide ATP for active transport of oxygen. D) ALL of these are correct. 2) Which of these accurately describes the buccopharyngeal pumping mechanism teleosts use to breathe? A) The volume of oral cavity is rapidly expanded with the mouth closed and the operculum open. B) The volume of the oral cavity is rapidly compressed with the mouth closed and the operculum open. C) Water from the surroundings is sucked into the gills during inspiration and blown back out during expiration. D) ALL of these are correct.arrow_forward1. Gas exchange in terrestrial versus aquatic environments follows similar physical laws but there are also important differences. Using Fick's law, identify the MAIN factor that is different between these two environments? a) Everything is different in water b) Barrier thickness c) Diffusion coefficient d) Diffusion rate 2. Gills are used by most aquatic invertebrates for gas exchange. What are some of the characteristics they have that make them and ideal gas exchange organ? Select all that apply. a) They are highly folded (increasing surface area) b) They are never used in hypoxic environments (increasing concentration gradient) c) They are only possessed by small organisms (decreasing length) d) They are thin-walled (decreasing barrier thickness).arrow_forward
- Does blood immediately return to the heart after being oxygenated in the gills of the perch? Does blood immediately return to the heart after being oxygenated in the lungs of the frog? Does blood immediately return to the heart after being oxygenated in the lungs of the pig?arrow_forwardHow is gas exchange donein mammals?arrow_forwardHow do you and other large animals get enough oxygen to all of your cells to enable you to survive?arrow_forward
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