Campbell Biology
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780135188743
Author: Urry
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 45, Problem 6TYU
Which of the following is the most likely explanation for hypothyroidism in a patient whose iodine level is normal?
(A) greater production of T3 than of T4
(B) hyposecretion of TSH
(C) hypersecretion of MSH
(D) a decrease in the thyroid secretion of calcitonin
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Which of the following is the most likely explanation forhypothyroidism in a patient whose iodine level is normal?(A) greater production of T3 than of T4(B) hyposecretion of TSH(C) hypersecretion of MSH(D) a decrease in the thyroid secretion of calcitonin
1) Hormone pathologies often manifest with elevated or lower hormones. The underlying cause may differ. What symptoms would be associated with hyperthyroidism?
2) Autoimmune disease in which auto-antibodies stimulate the TSH receptor (TSHR) on the thyroid gland. How would this affect levels of TRH, TSH, and TH? Draw out the H-P-T axis to illustrate changes in each hormone.
3) What symptoms would be associated with hypothyroidism?
4) How could this disease be treated? When the thyroid cells are destroyed, they cannot make hormones anymore and TH replacement needs to be given.
In Graves' disease, the body attacks the thyroid gland tissue and causes it to overproduce thyroid hormones, resulting in elevated blood levels of T3 and T4.
Which of the following statements would be TRUE?
Since blood levels of thyroid hormones are elevated, the hypothalamus would not release TRH and the Anterior Pituitary Gland would release more TSH.
Since blood levels of thyroid hormones are elevated, the hypothalamus would release more TRH and the Anterior Pituitary Gland would then stop releasing TSH.
Since blood levels of thyroid hormones are elevated, the hypothalamus would not release TRH and the Anterior Pituitary Gland would not release TSH.
Since blood levels of thyroid hormones are elevated, the hypothalamus would not release TSH and the Anterior Pituitary Gland would not release TRH.
Chapter 45 Solutions
Campbell Biology
Ch. 45.1 - How do response mechanisms in target cells differ...Ch. 45.1 - What type of gland would you expect to secrete...Ch. 45.1 - WHAT IF? Predict what would happen if you...Ch. 45.2 - What are the roles of oxytocin and prolactin in...Ch. 45.2 - How do the two fused glands of the pituitary gland...Ch. 45.2 - WHAT IF? 2192 Propose an explanation for why...Ch. 45.2 - what if? Lab tests of two patients, each...Ch. 45.3 - If a hormone pathway produces a transient response...Ch. 45.3 - Prob. 2CCCh. 45.3 - Prob. 3CC
Ch. 45 - MAKE CONNECTIONS What forms of signaling activate...Ch. 45 - Which major endocrine organs described in Figure...Ch. 45 - Prob. 45.3CRCh. 45 - Prob. 1TYUCh. 45 - Prob. 2TYUCh. 45 - Growth factors are local regulators that (A) are...Ch. 45 - Prob. 4TYUCh. 45 - Prob. 5TYUCh. 45 - Which of the following is the most likely...Ch. 45 - The relationship between the insect hormones...Ch. 45 - DRAW IT In mammals, milk production by mammary...Ch. 45 - Prob. 9TYUCh. 45 - Prob. 10TYUCh. 45 - Level 3: Synthesis/Evaluation 11. WRITE ABOUT A...Ch. 45 - Prob. 12TYU
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- Addisons disease develops when the adrenal cortex does not secrete enough mineralocorticoids and glucocorticoids. President John F. Kennedy was diagnosed with the disease when he was a young man. Before he started treatment with hormone replacement therapy, he was hypoglycemic and lost weight. Which missing hormone was responsible for his weight loss? How might Addisons disease have affected his blood pressure?arrow_forward(human physiology) 1) Match the insulin types (1-3) with the plots (A-C)? Explain? 2) Oral administration (e.g. in the form of pills) of insulin and subcutaneous administration, which is more effective? Why? 3) Why are elderly, sedentary, obese and regular smokers at high risk of diabetes?arrow_forwardProvide an example of a (primary) hypothyroidism disorder in an adult. Would you expect thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) to be increased or decreased with this disorder? Justify your response. Briefly outline the clinical manifestations of hypothyroidism.arrow_forward
- Most laboratories are able to determine blood levels of TSH, T3,and T4. Given that ability, design a method of determining whetherhyperthyroidism in a patient results from a pituitary abnormality or from the production of a nonpituitary thyroid stimulatorysubstance.arrow_forwardConsider the communication between the hypothalamus, pituitary and various target organs when answering this question. For each condition discussed, state the change you would expect to find for each hormone/compound addressed - INCREASED, DECREASED, UNAFFECTED, CAN'T INTERPRET: A patient suffering from untreated Graves disease: A) TSH B) Calcitonin C) Thyroxine(T4/T3) D) TRH A patient suffering from untreated goiter: A) TSH B) Calcitonin C) Thyroxine(T4/T3) D) TRH A patient suffering from pituitary tumor secreting ACTH: A) CRH B) ACTH C) Cortisol D) Plasma potassium level Now, let's consider calcium metabolism and balance. For each condition discussed, state the change you would expect to find for hormone/calcium levels - INCREASED, DECREASED, UNAFFECTED, CAN'T INTERPRET: A patient with…arrow_forwardWhich one of the following statements about T3 is FALSE? 1) It is thought to be the most active thyroid hormone. 2) It may be elevated to a greater extent than T4 in hyperthyroidism. 3) It is not bound to serum proteins. 4) It is commonly decreased in patients with nonthyroidal illness. no references, just homework.arrow_forward
- Identify which of the following hormone categories are lipid-soluble: (a) reproductive hormones produced in the gonads, (b) adrenal cortex hormones, and (c) thyroid hormone.arrow_forwardThyroid hormones are important in regulating the body’s basal metabolic rate. Thyroid hormones are lipid-soluble and have a long half-life.What are the advantages and disadvantages of a long half-life for thyroidhormones, compared with a short half-life?arrow_forwardGraves disease is a type of hyperthyroidism that results in an overactive thyroid. Bloodwork results indicating hyperthyroidism would show elevated amounts of which hormones? V A) T4 (thyroid hormone) B) TSH C) TRHarrow_forward
- Henry is a well-informed patient who is interested in understanding how thyroid hormone is controlled by thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). Briefly explain to him the hypothalamicpituitary-thyroid axis.arrow_forwardList the hormones secreted by the following: (a) Hypothalamus (b) Pituitary (c) Thyroidarrow_forwardA person with symptoms of hypothyroidism (i.e., sluggishness and intolerance to cold) is found to have abnormally low plasma concentrations of T4, T3, and TSH. After an injection of TRH, the plasma concentrations of all three hormones increase. Where is the site of the defect leading to hypothyroidism?arrow_forward
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