Biology
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781259188138
Author: Peter H Raven, George B Johnson Professor, Kenneth A. Mason Dr. Ph.D., Jonathan Losos Dr., Susan Singer
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Textbook Question
Chapter 45, Problem 1A
You think one of your teammates is using anabolic steroids to build muscle. You know that continued use of steroids can cause profound changes in cell function. This is due in part to the fact that these hormones act
a. to regulate gene expression.
b. by activating second messengers.
c. as protein kinases.
d. via G protein–coupled receptors.
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Students have asked these similar questions
A cell has epinephrine receptors, yet is unable to respond to epinephrine signaling. One possible reason is:
A.
The cell has no DNA.
B.
The cell is missing a functional G-protein or adenylyl cyclase.
C.
All of the epinephrine receptors are on the cell’s surface. (They’re supposed to be in the cytoplasm!)
D.
Both A and C.
The action of steroid hormones is different from that of peptide hormones becausea. peptide hormones must enter the cell to begin action, whereas steroid hormones must begin action on the external surface of the cell membrane.b. steroid hormones must enter the cell to begin action, whereas peptide hormones must begin action on the external surface of the cell membrane.c. peptide hormones produce a hormone receptor complex that works directly on the DNA, whereas steroid hormones cause the release of a secondary messenger that triggers enzymes.d. None of these answers is correct.
Which of the following enzymes does NOT catalyzes the formation a second messenger?
A. PI3K
B. Protein kinase C
C. Phospholipase C
D. Guanylyl cyclase
Which of the following statements is correct?
A. Lipolysis is inhibited by epinephrine and glucagon
B. Phosphorylation of triacylglycerol lipase inhibits its activity
C. Activation of protein kinase A inhibits lipolysis
D. Fatty acids are activated in mitochondria before undergoing b-oxidation
E. Lipolysis is stimulated by cAMP
F. None of the above
Chapter 45 Solutions
Biology
Ch. 45 - Which of the following best describes hormones? a....Ch. 45 - Steroid hormones a. can diffuse through the...Ch. 45 - Second messengers are activated in response to a....Ch. 45 - Which of the following is true about lipophilic...Ch. 45 - An organ is classified as part of the endocrine...Ch. 45 - Hormones released from the pituitary gland have...Ch. 45 - Prob. 7UCh. 45 - You think one of your teammates is using anabolic...Ch. 45 - Your Uncle Sal likes to party. When he goes out...Ch. 45 - Prob. 3A
Ch. 45 - Prob. 4ACh. 45 - Prob. 5ACh. 45 - You experience a longer period than normal between...Ch. 45 - Mild vitamin D deficiency can lead to...Ch. 45 - How can blocking hormone production decrease...Ch. 45 - Suppose that two different organs, such as the...Ch. 45 - Many physiological parameters, such as blood Ca2+...
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- When a hormone binds to a nuclear receptora. DNA produces mRNA.b. G proteins are activated.c. the hormone-receptor complex causes ion channels to open or close.d. the cell’s response is faster than when a hormone binds to a membranebound receptor.e. the hormone is usually a large, water-soluble moleculearrow_forwardWhen a catecholamine or peptide hormone binds to receptors on the surface of a cell, A. The hormone is transported to the nucleus where it alters the activity of dna. B. The cell membrane becomes less permeable. C. The cell becomes inactive. D. A second messenger appears in the cytoplasm.arrow_forwardJohn is told that he has a hormone receptor problem and his cells are not responsive to hormone stimulation. Which of the following is a possible reason for his problem? Select one: A. He has an ectopic tumor. B. He has hypersensitivity to the hormone. C. He has a receptor that has been overstimulated. D. He has too many receptors for the hormone. E. He has antibodies that block the function of the hormone receptor. O O O Oarrow_forward
- A hormone signals through a G protein-coupled receptor as shown in the diagram. After the production of IP3, which of these events will MOST quickly stop the transduction of the signal? A. the hydrolysis of IP3 B. the hydrolysis of GTP C. the hydrolysis of PIP2 D. the hydrolysis of the hormone I believe the answer is (B) the hydrolysisof GTP, because the G protein becomes inactive after GTP is hydrolyzed to GDP. However, the solution provided by Bartleby is (C). Please explain. Thanksarrow_forwardInsulin is a peptide (protein) hormone. As such, which of the following would be the most likely receptor for this signaling hormone? Select one: a. A transmembrane receptor in the cell membrane b. An intracellular receptorarrow_forwardWhich of the following is not correct about a second messenger system? A. The activating hormone interacts with a receptor site on the plasma membrane. B. The activating hormone activates an enzyme, most often adenylate cyclase C. Activated adenylate cyclase catalyzes the transformation of AMP to cyclic AMP D. Cyclic AMP causes the activation of protein kinase E. None of these are correct.arrow_forward
- Carbon monoxide is a deadly gas. This is due to its quick activation of specific signaling pathways in cells of our body. Since this is a gas, it most likely uses.... Select one: a. A transmembrane cell surface receptor since it cannot pass through cell membranes b. A voltage-gated ion channel receptor since it creates a charge when crossing the cell membrane c. An intracellular receptor since it can easily diffuse across a membranearrow_forwardIntracellular receptors bind to signaling molecules that are A. anionic. B. cationic. C. nonpolar. D. polypeptides.arrow_forwardCell signaling systems: A. autocrine B. paracrine C. endocrine D. none among the given Which will have cell receptors on its own cell's surface that respond to the messenger? A B C Darrow_forward
- A small number of cell surface receptors and low amounts of signals (ligands) can generate a large intracellular response as each step of the signal transduction pathway can be expanded by... A. gene amplification, i.e. increasing the number of target genes. B. enzyme-mediated signal amplification, e.g. phosphorylation cascades. C. the synthesis of new proteins. D. ATP Synthase, e.g. by building proton (H+) gradients.arrow_forwardSteroid hormones a. can diffuse through the membrane without a carrier. b. have a direct effect on gene expression. c. bind to membrane receptors. d. Both a and b are correct.arrow_forwardThe body produces a normal amount of testosterone. However, a particular cell you are studying has an unusually low number of testosterone receptors. How might the cell's response to testosterone be affected by its low number of testosterone receptors? A. The cell will activate more protein kinases in response to testosterone exposure than a cell with a normal number of testosterone receptors. B. The cell will make less mRNA in response to testosterone exposure. C. The cell will make less cAMP in response to testosterone exposure. D. The cell’s response to testosterone exposure will be identical to the response of a cell with a normal number of testosterone receptors.arrow_forward
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Intro to Cell Signaling; Author: Amoeba Sisters;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-dbRterutHY;License: Standard youtube license