Concept explainers
Introduction: A skeleton is a structure that provides support and protection. It plays an important role in locomotion. Exoskeleton and endoskeleton are the two major types of skeletons found in animals.
Answer to Problem 1TY
Correct answer: A disadvantage of an exoskeleton is that it must be periodically shed. This leave the animal in a vulnerable state. Hence, the correct answer is option b.
Explanation of Solution
Reason for correct answer:
Exoskeletons provide support for the body and protection from the external environment and predators. It plays an important role in the protection of internal organs. They must be periodically shed and replaced in order to allow the growth of the animal. However, the new exoskeleton formed is soft, making the animal more vulnerable to predators and the environment.
Option b. is given as “must be periodically shed, leaving the animal in a vulnerable state”.
The periodic shedding of exoskeleton makes the animal more vulnerable to predators and the environment. This is because, the new exoskeleton formed is soft. Hence, the correct answer is option b.
Reasons for incorrect answer:
Option a. is given as, “cannot protect an animal’s internal organs”.
Exoskeleton plays an important role in the protection of internal organs. It is not a disadvantage of an exoskeleton. Hence, option a. is incorrect.
Option c. is given as, “does not provide any flexibility for the ease of movement of an animal”.
Exoskeletons are tough, durable, and segmented to provide flexibility and to allow movement. Hence, option c. is incorrect.
Option d. is given as, “is a soft, easily damaged structure”.
Exoskeletons are tough and durable. The new exoskeleton formed after molting is soft. Hence, option d. is incorrect.
Option e. is given as, “cannot protect the outside of the body surface”.
Exoskeleton surrounds and protects most of the body surface. It is not a disadvantage of exoskeleton in animals. Hence, option e. is incorrect.
Hence, the options a., c., d., and e. are incorrect.
Thus, a disadvantage of an exoskeleton is that it must be shed periodically. This leave the animal in a vulnerable state.
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Chapter 44 Solutions
EBK BIOLOGY
- You will use the following scenario to answer a group of 5 questions. You have isolated a microbe from an environmental sample. The microbe has the ability to perform a new metabolic reaction at a very low temperature, so you are excited that it could be a new species. You have shipped your samples off for sequencing and are now waiting for the results. Out of curiosity (and maybe boredom...) you decide to test your culture for the Catalase and Oxidase enzymes. Upon testing your sample for catalase, you don't see any bubbles; however, you do see a color change to purple during the Oxidase test. What results can you conclude from this? O Catalase-/ Oxidase + O Catalase +/ Oxidase + Catalase + / Oxidase- O Catalase / Oxidase - O None of the abovearrow_forwardWhich of the following is not a strength of using 16S rRNA for phylogenetic analyses? OA. It's cheap OB. It's easy to do C. It can be used to identify all the way down to the strain level OD. Both A & B OE. None of the abovearrow_forwardWhy are molecular approaches important to the field of microbial taxonomy and phylogeny? Phylogenetic inferences based on molecular approaches provide the most robust analysis of microbial evolution currently available. It allows for the collection of a large and accurate dataset from many organisms Almost no fossil record was left by microbes when compared to plants and animals All of the above None of the abovearrow_forward
- You will use the following scenario to answer a group of 5 questions. You have isolated a microbe from an environmental sample. The microbe has the ability to perform a new metabolic reaction at a very low temperature, so you are excited that it could be a new species. You have already cultured it and gone through the plate isolation procedure. Before you ship your samples off for sequencing, you want to do one final check of the A260 ratios. You get back the following ratios: A260/280 ratio is 1.89; A260/230 is 2.01. These ratios are close enough to the accepted "pure" values so they could be considered "pure" and mostly (if not completely) free of contaminants from the PCR process. True Falsearrow_forwardYou will use the following scenario to answer a group of 5 questions. You have isolated a microbe from an environmental sample. The microbe has the ability to perform a new metabolic reaction at a very low temperature, so you are excited that it could be a new species. After receiving your sequence back from the sequencing lab, you feel that you have, in fact, discovered and isolated a new species. You ask a fellow labmate about how you should proceed, and he tells you the following is the proper way to introduce a new species for recognition: Cultures have to be sent to international culture collections. Then a paper must be published describing the new organism and providing a genus and species name. You recall learning about this in your Microbiology course in college. Is this information from your colleague true or false? True Falsearrow_forwardis often a good indication of phylogenetic relatedness in phenotypes. Life-cycle patterns Cleavage patterns O Gene expression O Morphological similarityarrow_forward
- Which of the following is a weakness of using 16S rRNA for phylogenetic analyses? It can only go down to the family and genus levels It takes months to complete O Both of the above O None of the abovearrow_forwardAn unrooted tree containing ten unrelated species can become rooted by adding a descendant group related to two of the species. an unrelated outgroup. O a distantly related outgroup. O a descendant related to only one of the species.arrow_forwardWhat is the most appropriate purpose of building a phylogenetic tree? They look awesome You can use a tree to compare morphological characteristics of organisms It can be used to establish and analyze evolutionary relationships between species All of the abovearrow_forward
- Which of the following sequencing techniques can identify down to the strain level? O Multilocus sequence typing Genomic fingerprinting Whole genome sequencing OSNP analysis All of the abovearrow_forwardWhat is the "gold standard" that is currently applied to species designations in microbiology? 97% between species: 50% among whole genome 90% between species: 75% among whole genome 99% between species; 97% among whole genome 97% between species: 70% among whole genome Onone of the abovearrow_forwardYou will use the following scenario to answer a group of 5 questions. You have isolated a microbe from an environmental sample. The microbe has the ability to perform a new metabolic reaction at a very low temperature, so you are excited that it could be a new species. You have decided to send your sample off for sequencing. You need to determine which type of sequencing to use for the preliminary identification of your species. You decide that, for now, you only need to be able to identify the family and genus levels. Which type of sequencing do you think is the most appropriate? O Genomic Fingerprinting O Whole Genome Sequencing O 16S rDNA Sequencing O DNA-DNA hybridization Nextarrow_forward
