The functions of the vestibular apparatus. Introduction: The ear in mammals functions as an organ for balance and equilibrium along with hearing. Inner ear contains interconnected canals that are called labyrinth. Saccule and utricle are part of the membranous labyrinth. These two along with three semicircular canals are called “vestibular apparatus”. These organs are responsible for maintaining the equilibrium.

Question

. Consider a base substitution mutation that occurred in a DNA sequence that resulted in a change in the encoded protein from the amino acid glutamic acid to aspartic acid. Normally the glutamic acid amino acid is located on the outside of the soluble protein but not near an active site. O-H¨ A. What type of mutation occurred? O-H B. What 2 types of chemical bonds are found in the R-groups of each amino acid? The R groups are shaded. CH2 CH2 CH2 H2N-C-COOH H2N-C-COOH 1 H Glutamic acid H Aspartic acid C. What 2 types of bonds could each R-group of each of these amino acids form with other molecules? D. Consider the chemical properties of the two amino acids and the location of the amino acid in the protein. Explain what effect this mutation will have on this protein's function and why.

Answer 1

Question

Chapter 43.5, Problem 2C

Summary Introduction

To describe: The functions of the vestibular apparatus.

Introduction: The ear in mammals functions as an organ for balance and equilibrium along with hearing. Inner ear contains interconnected canals that are called labyrinth. Saccule and utricle are part of the membranous labyrinth. These two along with three semicircular canals are called “vestibular apparatus”. These organs are responsible for maintaining the equilibrium.

Summary Introduction

To describe: The functions of semicircular canals.

Introduction: The ear in mammals functions as an organ for balance and equilibrium along with hearing. Inner ear contains interconnected canals that are called labyrinth. Saccule and utricle are part of membranous labyrinth. These two along with three semicircular canals are called “vestibular apparatus”. These organs are responsible for maintaining the equilibrium.

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. Consider a base substitution mutation that occurred in a DNA sequence that resulted in a change in the encoded protein from the amino acid glutamic acid to aspartic acid. Normally the glutamic acid amino acid is located on the outside of the soluble protein but not near an active site. O-H¨ A. What type of mutation occurred? O-H B. What 2 types of chemical bonds are found in the R-groups of each amino acid? The R groups are shaded. CH2 CH2 CH2 H2N-C-COOH H2N-C-COOH 1 H Glutamic acid H Aspartic acid C. What 2 types of bonds could each R-group of each of these amino acids form with other molecules? D. Consider the chemical properties of the two amino acids and the location of the amino acid in the protein. Explain what effect this mutation will have on this protein's function and why.

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