Concept explainers
(a)
The order of magnitude of number of protons in human body.
(a)
Answer to Problem 1P
The order of protons in human body is
Explanation of Solution
A human body is mostly composed of water. In water molecule there are
Consider an average human body composed of
Write the number of nucleon.
Here,
Conclusion:
Substitute
The order of protons in human body is
(b)
The order of magnitude of number of neutrons in human body.
(b)
Answer to Problem 1P
The order of neutron in human body is
Explanation of Solution
A human body is mostly composed of water. In water molecule there are
Thus the order of neutron in human body is
Conclusion:
The order of neutron in human body is
(c)
The order of magnitude of number of electrons in human body.
(c)
Answer to Problem 1P
The order of electrons in human body is
Explanation of Solution
A human body is mostly composed of water. In water molecule the number of protons and electrons are exactly same. Thus the order of number of electrons will be same as the order of proton in human body.
The order of electrons in human body is
Conclusion:
The order of electrons in human body is
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Chapter 43 Solutions
Physics for Scientists and Engineers with Modern Physics
- Assume that a room at sea level is filled with a gas of nitrogen molecules N2 in thermal equilibrium at -10.0 °C (negative ten degrees Celsius). There are 7 protons and 7 neutrons in the nucleus of a nitrogen atom N. You may take the masses of the proton and the neutron to be the same, and ignore the mass of the electrons. 1 atm=1.01x105 N/m² , h=1.05x10-34 J-s , mp=1.67x10-27 kg, kB = 1.38x10-23 J/K . a) What is the (particle) number density n according to the ideal gas law? b) Compare the number density n with the quantum concentration ng at the same temperature. c) Is the gas in the classical or quantum regime?arrow_forwardOne of the nuclear fission reaction that can happen in a nuclear reactor is the fission of Uranium-235 into Rubidium- 96 and Cesium-137 as shown below. The atomic mass of U-235 is 235.043930 u, the atomic mass of Rubidium is 95.93427 u, the atomic mass of Cesium-137 is 136.90709 u, and the mass of a neutron is 1.008665 u. Determine the amount of energy released by the reaction, expressed in MeV. Keep five significant digits.arrow_forwardOne method for determining the age of ancient objects is by radiocarbon dating. Natural processes convert nitrogen to Carbon-14, a radioactive isotope with a half-life of 5730 years. When they are alive, animals assimilate Carbon-14 through the food chain. When an animal dies, it stops replacing its carbon and the amount of Carbon-14 decays exponentially. (a) Suppose the minimum detectable amount is 0.1% of the initial amount. What is the maximum age of a fossil that we could date using Carbon-14? (b) Suppose we wanted to date a fossil that was potentially 70 million years old. A radioactive isotope with what half-life would be required?arrow_forward
- c) The equation below describes the disintegration of a polonium nucleus into a lead nucleus and an alpha-particle. During the reaction energy Q is released. 210Po → He +²02Pb+Q 84 82 Calculate the loss of energy during the reaction. The masses in the atomic mass unit u are as follows: 210 206 Po= 209.98287 u, Pb = 205.97446 u and He = 4.002604 u. 84 82 You may assume that 1u is equivalent to 931 MeV. d) The lead nucleus recoils in the opposite direction to the emitted alpha particle conserving momentum. Hence calculate: i) The ratio of the recoil nucleus and alpha particle velocities ii) The kinetic energy distribution of these products.arrow_forwardA nuclear fission reactor uses nuclear reactions, of which the following is typical: *? +}? → 94? +Te + 3,? + 197 ? Write this reaction with the correct symbols in place of the question marks giving your reasons for each correct symbol.arrow_forwardCarbon-14 is an isotope of carbon that is formed when radiation from the sun strikes ordinary carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. Plants such as trees, which get their carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, therefore contain a small amount of carbon-14. Once a particular part of a plant has been formed, no more new carbon 14 is taken in. The carbon 14 in that part of the plant decays slowly. Let P be the percent of carbon-14 remaining in a part of a tree that grew t years ago (so t years ago, there was 100 percent of the carbon-14 existing in that part of the tree). Write the particular equation expressing P in terms of t. You may assume that the half-life of carbon-14 is 5730 years. a.) A piece of wood some believe to have come from Noah's Ark has 47.93% of its carbon-14 remaining. The Great Flood was supposed to have occurred in 4004 B.C. Is this piece of wood old enough to have come from Noah's Ark? Justify your answer. b.)arrow_forward
- One of the end stages of stellar life is a neutron star, where matter collapses and electrons combine with protons to form neutrons. Some liken neutron stars to a single gigantic nucleus. Calculate the radius in meters of a neutron star with a mass 3.34 x 1030 kg, treating it as a giant nucleus. Consider the mass of a nucleon 1.675 x 10-27 kg. Your answer should be in the form of N x 104 years.arrow_forwardCertain stars are thought to collapse at the end of their lives, combining their protons and electrons to form a neutron star. Such a star could be thought of as a giant atomic nucleus. If a star with a mass equal to that of the sun (of mass 1.99 × 10°0 kg) were to collapse into neutrons, what would be the radius of the star? Answer in units of m.arrow_forwardThe following experimental data were obtained from the reaction A + B → C: experiment [A] (M) | [B] (M) 0.20 0.40 0.20 rate (M/sec) 2.0 x 10-4 8.0 x 10-4 4.0 x 10-4 1 0.20 0.20 0.40 2. Use above data to write the rate law for the equation. for exponents do this: [A]^8 * Your answer 3. What is the order of the reaction with respect to A? * Your answer 4. What is the order of the reaction with respect to B? Your answerarrow_forward
- An Erbium-166 nucleus contains 68 protons. The atomic mass of a neutral Erbium-166 atom is 165.930u, where u = 931.5 MeV/c². In this question you may use that the mass of a proton is 938.27 MeV/c², the mass of a neutron is 939.57 MeV/e² and the mass of an electron is 0.511 MeV/c². i. Calculate the nuclear binding energy per nucleon, giving your answer in units of MeV. ii. Electrons with an energy of 0.5 GeV are scattered off the nucleus. Estimate the scattering angle of the first minimum in the resulting diffraction pattern. iii. Briefly comment on whether or not you expect this nucleus to be spherical, and what consequence this has for excited states of the nucleus in the collective model.arrow_forwardThe rhinovirus, one cause of common cold and flu, has a diameter of 30 nm. How many of these particle could line up side by side on a line that is 1.0 inch long?arrow_forwardSuppose you are working as a reactor operator in the world’s largest nuclear power station at Kashiwazaki-Kariwa Nuclear Power Plant, Japan. The first unit in this station began to operate in 1985. Suppose the rate at which the nuclear power plant produces radioactive waste is proportional to the number of years it has been operating such that 500 pounds of waste is produced every year. Also, suppose that the waste decays exponentially at a rate of 5% per year. At the beginning of 2011, The Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster caused sever damages in the units which released the radiation waste to the atmosphere. Therefore, all the units were closed in 2011 for safety inspection. This left japan completely without nuclear-produced electrical power. Finally, the unit began to operate at the beginning of 2019. As a reactor operator, you are asked to do the following: a. Model the generation of the Kashiwazaki-Kariwa Nuclear Power Plant radioactive waste as a function of time. b.…arrow_forward
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