Campbell Biology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780134093413
Author: Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Jane B. Reece
Publisher: PEARSON
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Question
Chapter 42.3, Problem 2CC
Summary Introduction
To explain: The short-term variations in cardiovascular functions that help an animal to use skeletal muscles to run away from danger.
Concept introduction:
A skeleton can support an animal, protect its internal organs, and allows for the movement of an organism. There are three types of skeletons. They are hydrostatic skeleton, exoskeleton, and endoskeleton.
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionStudents have asked these similar questions
Which of the following statements best describes the differences in the regulation of cardiac and skeletal muscle contraction?
The amount of contractile force actively generated by muscle cells is increased by stretch in skeletal muscle and decreased by stretch in cardiac muscle.
Cardiac muscle is stimulated by motor neurons and skeletal muscle by neurones from the autonomic nervous system.
Skeletal muscle contractile force is augmented by increasing the firing frequency of action potentials whereas cardiac muscle contractile force is enhanced by noradrenaline increasing calcium influx through ion channels.
Ryanodine receptors in skeletal muscle are opened by a mechanism that requires calcium influx whereas in cardiac muscle membrane depolarisation alone without calcium influx is sufficient to open ryanodine receptors.
What are the important differences in the overall metabolic needs of a fish and a turtle and the ability of their circulatory systems to meet those needs? Select all that apply.
Fish are less able to meet their metabolic needs than are turtles.
Fish have a two-chamber heart (one atrium and one ventricle) and turtles have a three-chambered heart (two atria and one ventricle).
Turtles are endothermic and fish are ectothermic
Blood flows directly to other organs after being oxygenated in turtles, but return to the heart after being oxygenated in fish.
Turtles have a double,-circuit circulatory system whereas fish have a single circulatory system.
Describe the effect of an increased potassium ion (K+) concentration on the frog’s heart rate.
Chapter 42 Solutions
Campbell Biology (11th Edition)
Ch. 42.1 - Prob. 1CCCh. 42.1 - Three-chambered hearts with incomplete septa were...Ch. 42.1 - Prob. 3CCCh. 42.2 - Explain why blood has a higher 02 concentration in...Ch. 42.2 - Prob. 2CCCh. 42.2 - Prob. 3CCCh. 42.3 - Prob. 1CCCh. 42.3 - Prob. 2CCCh. 42.3 - Prob. 3CCCh. 42.4 - Explain why a physician might order a white cell...
Ch. 42.4 - Prob. 2CCCh. 42.4 - Prob. 3CCCh. 42.4 - Prob. 4CCCh. 42.5 - Why is an internal location for gas exchange...Ch. 42.5 - Prob. 2CCCh. 42.5 - MAKE CONNECTIONS Describe similarities in the...Ch. 42.6 - Prob. 1CCCh. 42.6 - Prob. 2CCCh. 42.6 - Prob. 3CCCh. 42.7 - What determines whether O2 and CO2 undergo net...Ch. 42.7 - How does the Bohr shift help deliver O2 to very...Ch. 42.7 - Prob. 3CCCh. 42 - How does the flow of a fluid in a closed...Ch. 42 - Prob. 42.2CRCh. 42 - Prob. 42.3CRCh. 42 - Prob. 42.4CRCh. 42 - Prob. 42.5CRCh. 42 - How does air in the lungs differ from the fresh...Ch. 42 - How are the roles of a respiratory pigment and an...Ch. 42 - Prob. 1TYUCh. 42 - Blood returning to the mammalian heart in a...Ch. 42 - Prob. 3TYUCh. 42 - When you hold your breath, which of the following...Ch. 42 - Prob. 5TYUCh. 42 - Prob. 6TYUCh. 42 - Prob. 7TYUCh. 42 - DRAW IT Plot blood pressure against time for one...Ch. 42 - EVOLUTION CONNECTION One opponent of the movie...Ch. 42 - Prob. 10TYUCh. 42 - Prob. 11TYUCh. 42 - WRITE ABOUT A THEME: INTERACTIONS Some athletes...Ch. 42 - Prob. 13TYU
Knowledge Booster
Similar questions
- In conditioned athletes, the resting Heart Rate is generally much lower than in non-athletes. Why? a-because long-term exercise reduces Cardiac Output at rest to conserve energy b-because athletes have a smaller Stroke Volume at rest, causing Heart Rate to decrease as well c-because long-term exercise leads to increased vagal tone which slows Heart Rate d-because athletes have stronger ventricles and therefore a larger Stroke Volume at rest, so they require fewer bpm to achieve the same Cardiac Outputarrow_forwardWhich sequence of blood flow can be observed in either a reptile or a mammal? right atrium → pulmonary artery → left atrium → ventricle left ventricle → aorta → lungs → systemic circulation right ventricle → pulmonary vein → pulmocutaneous circulation pulmonary vein → left atrium → ventricle → pulmonary circuit vena cava → right atrium → ventricle → pulmonary circuitarrow_forwardhow can swimming improves the cardiovascular fitness of a person?arrow_forward
- Descrive (in the correct order) the sequence of the blood flow through a four chambered mammalian heart. Be sure to address the following: 1. Begin with the return of oxygen poor blood from the body. 2. Describe the chemical O2/ CO2 and glucose content of the blood in the key locations. 3. Describe the machanisms that regulate the functioning of the system to maintain homeostasis.arrow_forwardAs a result of heart failure, compensatory mechanisms become activated and ultimately lead to further harmful consequences in the long term. Which of the following is NOT one such compensatory mechanism? O Baroreceptor-mediated activation of the sympathetic nervous system that leads to increased heart rate and contractility The activation of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) that leads to increased blood pressure increased cardiac preload A reduction in both heart rate and blood pressure O Myocardial hypertrophy resulting in the thickening of the ventricular wallarrow_forwardWhat are the factors affecting the pulse rate, respiration rate, and bodytemperature of farm animals?arrow_forward
- How is circulationcharacterized in mammals?arrow_forwardWhen comparing the circulatory systems of vertebrates, indicate whether the following statements are true or false. There is no mixing of oxygenated (high [O2]) and deoxygenated (low [O2]) blood in the ventricle of a fish. #apply Question 9 options: True False The circulatory system of amphibians is more efficient than that of fish because there are two circulatory loops. #analyze Question 10 options: True False The only vertebrates without a hepatic portal venous system connecting the gut to the liver are the fish. #analyze Question 11 options: True False There is no mixing of oxygenated (high [O2]) and deoxygenated (low [O2]) blood in the ventricle of a frog. #apply Question 12 options: True Falsearrow_forwardWhy does heart rate and contraction force change relative to resting values when the frog's heart was cooled?arrow_forward
- An artificial heart works in closed loop by varying its pumping rate according to changes in signals from the recipient's nervous system. For feedback compensation design it is important to know the heart's open-loop transfer function. To identify this transfer function, an artificial heart is implanted in a calf while the main parts of the original heart are left in place. Then the atrial pumping rate in the original heart is measured while step input changes are effected on the artificial heart. It has been found that. in general, the obtained response closely resembles that of a second-order system. In one such experiment it was found that the step response has a %OS = 30% and a time of first peak 7, 127 sec (Nakamura, 2002). Find the corresponding transfer function. Aside from the corresponding transfer function, determine the following as well: delay time, rise time, settling time and steady state error if input is a step response. CO Marrow_forwardIn counter-current flow within fish gills, A. oxygen-poor water is in contact with oxygen-rich blood; B. water is shunted around to touch both sides of the capillaries; C. as the fish contracts muscles alternately, water flows over both sides of gills; D. oxygen-poor water is in contact with oxygen-poor blood:arrow_forwardCaffeine lowers the heart rate by increasing rates of depolarization at the SA node True False Nicotine raises the heart rate because it stimulates the activity of the sympathetic neurons in medulla oblongata True False The Frank-Starling Law of the Heart states that the force of heart contraction is directly proportional to the initial length of the muscle fiber, within optimal limits of length True False If the sarcomeres stretched beyond the optimal length, the force of contraction would go down, but that can potentially happen only during open heart surgery when the heart is not constrained by the pericardium, lungs, ribs and diaphragm. True False It is the Na+ channel-driven spontaneous depolarization that is affected by sympathetic and parasympathetic inputs to speed up or slow down the firing rate of the SA node and other conductive cells. True Falsearrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
- Human Biology (MindTap Course List)BiologyISBN:9781305112100Author:Cecie Starr, Beverly McMillanPublisher:Cengage Learning
Human Biology (MindTap Course List)
Biology
ISBN:9781305112100
Author:Cecie Starr, Beverly McMillan
Publisher:Cengage Learning