Let R ∞ be the set of all infinite sequences of real numbers, with the operations u + v = ( u 1 , u 2 , u 3 , ...... ) + ( v 1 , v 2 , v 3 , ...... ) = ( u 1 + v 1 , u 2 + v 2 , u 3 + v 3 , ..... ) and c u = c ( u 1 , u 2 , u 3 , ...... ) = ( c u 1 , c u 2 , c u 3 , ...... ) . Determine whether R ∞ is a vector space. If it is, verify each vector space axiom; if it is not, state all vector space axioms that fail.
Let R ∞ be the set of all infinite sequences of real numbers, with the operations u + v = ( u 1 , u 2 , u 3 , ...... ) + ( v 1 , v 2 , v 3 , ...... ) = ( u 1 + v 1 , u 2 + v 2 , u 3 + v 3 , ..... ) and c u = c ( u 1 , u 2 , u 3 , ...... ) = ( c u 1 , c u 2 , c u 3 , ...... ) . Determine whether R ∞ is a vector space. If it is, verify each vector space axiom; if it is not, state all vector space axioms that fail.
Solution Summary: The author explains that the given set is a vector space. If the listed axioms are satisfied for every u,vandw in V and every scalar (
Let
R
∞
be the set of all infinite sequences of real numbers, with the operations
u
+
v
=
(
u
1
,
u
2
,
u
3
,
......
)
+
(
v
1
,
v
2
,
v
3
,
......
)
=
(
u
1
+
v
1
,
u
2
+
v
2
,
u
3
+
v
3
,
.....
)
and
c
u
=
c
(
u
1
,
u
2
,
u
3
,
......
)
=
(
c
u
1
,
c
u
2
,
c
u
3
,
......
)
.
Determine whether
R
∞
is a vector space. If it is, verify each vector space axiom; if it is not, state all vector space axioms that fail.
Quantities that have magnitude and direction but not position. Some examples of vectors are velocity, displacement, acceleration, and force. They are sometimes called Euclidean or spatial vectors.
Let
2
A =
4
3
-4
0
1
(a) Show that v =
eigenvalue.
()
is an eigenvector of A and find the corresponding
(b) Find the characteristic polynomial of A and factorise it. Hint: the answer to (a)
may be useful.
(c) Determine all eigenvalues of A and find bases for the corresponding eigenspaces.
(d) Find an invertible matrix P and a diagonal matrix D such that P-¹AP = D.
(c) Let
6
0 0
A =
-10 4 8
5 1 2
(i) Find the characteristic polynomial of A and factorise it.
(ii) Determine all eigenvalues of A and find bases for the corresponding
eigenspaces.
(iii) Is A diagonalisable? Give reasons for your answer.
most 2, and let
Let P2 denote the vector space of polynomials of degree at
D: P2➡ P2
be the transformation that sends a polynomial p(t) = at² + bt+c in P2 to its derivative
p'(t)
2at+b, that is,
D(p) = p'.
(a) Prove that D is a linear transformation.
(b) Find a basis for the kernel ker(D) of the linear transformation D and compute its
nullity.
(c) Find a basis for the image im(D) of the linear transformation D and compute its
rank.
(d) Verify that the Rank-Nullity Theorem holds for the linear transformation D.
(e) Find the matrix representation of D in the standard basis (1,t, t2) of P2.
Chapter 4 Solutions
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