Campbell Biology in Focus
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9780134710679
Author: Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Rebecca Orr
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 42, Problem 12TYU
FOCUS ON ENERGY AND MATIER
Decomposition typically occurs quickly in moist tropical forests. However, waterlogging in the soil of some moist tropical forests results over time in a buildup of organic matter called peat. In a short essay (100-150 words), discuss the relationship of net primary production, net ecosystem production, and decomposition for such an ecosystem. Are NPP and NEP likely to be positive? What do you think would happen to NEP if a landowner drained the water from a tropical peatland, exposing the organic matter to air?
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Create a model which accurately, in detail, depicts the potential pathways of carbon (biomass) and energy in an ecosystem with at least five trophic levels (don’t forget your decomposers, they can count as one trophic level). Make sure to incorporate the multiple pathways that biomass and energy could take at each trophic level. Lastly, clearly illustrate how carbon and energy flow in this ecosystem. Be sure to include adequate levels of detail for all pathways and differentiate the flow of carbon and energy in your model.
WRITE ABOUT A THEME: Energy and MatterDecomposition typically occurs quickly in moist tropicalforests. However, waterlogging in the soil of some moisttropical forests results over time in a buildup of organicmatter called “peat.” In a short essay (100–150 words), discussthe relationship of net primary production, net ecosystemproduction, and decomposition for such an ecosystem. AreNPP and NEP likely to be positive? What do you think wouldhappen to NEP if a landowner drained the water from atropical peatland, exposing the organic matter to air?
AP Environmental Science
Primary Productivity Problems
Net Primary Productivity efficiency can be calculated for terrestrial producers when values for insolation energy, respiration loss and gross productivity are known. Use the equations below to answer the following problems:
Net Primary Productivity = Gross Productivity – Respiration Loss
Efficiency = . NPP . X 100
Insolation Energy
In a rice paddy in Southeast Asia, the insolation energy is 6,000,000 calories/m2/day. The gross productivity of the rice is 0.012 grams/cm2/day, and the respiration loss is 20 percent. One gram of rice is equivalent to 1000 calories.
Calculate the net primary productivity of the rice.
Find the efficiency of photosynthesis by the rice.
Could you mostly help me set it up and find it? So I can learn how to do it.
Chapter 42 Solutions
Campbell Biology in Focus
Ch. 42.1 - Why is the transfer of energy in an ecosystem...Ch. 42.1 - WHAT IF? You are studying nitrogen cycling on the...Ch. 42.1 - MAKE CONNECTIONS Use the second law of...Ch. 42.2 - Why is only a small portion of the solar energy...Ch. 42.2 - How can ecologists experimentally determine the...Ch. 42.2 - Prob. 3CCCh. 42.2 - Prob. 4CCCh. 42.3 - If an insect that eats plant seeds containing 100...Ch. 42.3 - WHAT IF? Detritivores are consumers that obtain...Ch. 42.4 - Prob. 1CC
Ch. 42.4 - Prob. 2CCCh. 42.4 - Prob. 3CCCh. 42.5 - Prob. 1CCCh. 42.5 - How do bioremediation and biological augmentation...Ch. 42.5 - Prob. 3CCCh. 42 - Prob. 1TYUCh. 42 - Which of these ecosystems has the lowest net...Ch. 42 - Prob. 3TYUCh. 42 - Prob. 4TYUCh. 42 - Which of the following has the greatest effect on...Ch. 42 - Prob. 6TYUCh. 42 - Prob. 7TYUCh. 42 - Prob. 8TYUCh. 42 - INTERPRET THE DATA Draw a simplified global water...Ch. 42 - SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY Using two neighboring ponds in...Ch. 42 - Prob. 11TYUCh. 42 - FOCUS ON ENERGY AND MATIER Decomposition typically...Ch. 42 - Prob. 13TYU
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- In an ocean ecosystem, the biomass of an algal community is approximately 3000 kilograms. It can support a food chain up to 4 levels. Considering an efficiency at an average of 10% in passing on energy from one trophic level to the next level, how much biomass of the fourth trophic level can be maintained.arrow_forwardUnit B - Rainforests are being clear-cut in order to make room for more profitable crops that can be used as biofuels. In Brazil, a monoculture consisting of fields of soya beans is being planted, replacing the native rainforest ecosystem that often consists of thousands of species. Unit B - Compare the previous rainforest ecosystem and the new monoculture ecosystem with respect to biodiversity and population size. Your response should include · an explanation of biotic limiting factors an explanation of abiotic limiting factors a discussion of the availability of habitats and nichesarrow_forwardIn the context of decomposition, we can calculate a k-value. This tells us the amount of time until no substrate remains during decomposition the rate at which energy is cycled in an ecosystem the rate at which the decomposition of a substrate takes place () the rate at which decomposer populations grow the remaining mass of a substrate after a decomposition experimentarrow_forward
- The energy flow in the ecosystem is important to maintain an ecological balance. In this context, answer the following: (i) Explain why the flow of energy at different levels in an ecosystem is unidirectional and non-cyclic? (ii) Why is the number of trophic levels in an ecosystem limited?arrow_forwardCreate a model which accurately, in detail, depicts the potential pathways of carbon and energy in an ecosystem with the following organisms: grass, mice, snakes, and hawks (don’t forget your decomposers as well).Make sure to incorporate multiple pathways and clearly illustrate how carbon and energy flow in this ecosystem.arrow_forwardMatter is continually recycled between abiotic and biotic components of Earth's ecosystem in biogeochemical cycles. the various cycles differ from one another in several key aspects of their storage, conversion and modes of transport. A. Describe the critical processes by which nitrogen is cycled through the biotic and abiotic components of earth’s atmosphere and identify the primary storage sink for nitrogenarrow_forward
- Describe the flow of energy through the biotic community and include the forms into which solar radiation is converted. How does this flow differ from the manner in which matter is moved through the ecosystem?arrow_forwardDescribe why biodiversity is important to ecosystem health, even in an agricultural setting where mo… Show more Describe why biodiversity is important to ecosystem health, even in an agricultural setting where most often farmers are paid for a single, pure product like wheat or corn. Suggest possible solutions that would reduce the impacts of nutrient and pesticide runoff, while incorporating the three considerations of human sustainability. In other words, come up with a solution that would reduce ecological impacts of pesticide and nutrient runoff, while allowing farmers to ultimately meet their income needs in a socially equitable way (does not exploit anyone in the process). • Show lessarrow_forwardDescribe the greenhouse effect. Make a list of twenty agricultural and other products that you depend on. Are any implicated in global warming?arrow_forward
- Within an ecosystem, the total amount of energy produced initially by primary producers will be _ the total amount of energy lost as heat and respiration across all trophic levels, including producers, consumers, and decomposers. more than unequal to equivalent to less thanarrow_forwardestimate the total primary production in the oceans (in million metric tons carbon) using the following information - 92% of oceans are open ocen with an average productivity of 125 gC/m2/yr - 8% of the oceans are coastal, with an average productivity of 2,000 gC/m2/yr - remember a metric ton is 1,000 Kgarrow_forwardWhat the answerarrow_forward
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