Elementary Statistics: Picturing the World (7th Edition)
7th Edition
ISBN: 9780134683744
Author: Larson
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 4.1, Problem 31E
Finding the
31. Machine Parts The number of defects per 1000 machine parts inspected
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Question 4
An article in Quality Progress (May 2011, pp. 42-48) describes the use of factorial experiments to improve a
silver powder production process. This product is used in conductive pastes to manufacture a wide variety of
products ranging from silicon wafers to elastic membrane switches. Powder density (g/cm²) and surface area
(cm/g) are the two critical characteristics of this product. The experiments involved three factors: reaction
temperature, ammonium percentage, stirring rate. Each of these factors had two levels, and the design was
replicated twice. The design is shown in Table 3.
A222222222222233
Stir Rate
(RPM)
Ammonium
(%)
Table 3: Silver Powder Experiment from Exercise 13.23
Temperature
(°C)
Density
Surface Area
100
8
14.68
0.40
100
8
15.18
0.43
30
100
8
15.12
0.42
30
100
17.48
0.41
150
7.54
0.69
150
8
6.66
0.67
30
150
8
12.46
0.52
30
150
8
12.62
0.36
100
40
10.95
0.58
100
40
17.68
0.43
30
100
40
12.65
0.57
30
100
40
15.96
0.54
150
40
8.03
0.68
150
40
8.84
0.75
30
150…
-
+
++
Table 2: Crack Experiment for Exercise 2
A B C D Treatment Combination
(1)
Replicate
I II
7.037
6.376
14.707 15.219
|++++ 1
བྱ॰༤༠སྦྱོ སྦྱོཋཏྟཱུ
a
b
ab
11.635 12.089
17.273 17.815
с
ас
10.403 10.151
4.368 4.098
bc
abc
9.360 9.253
13.440 12.923
d
8.561 8.951
ad
16.867 17.052
bd
13.876 13.658
abd
19.824 19.639
cd
11.846 12.337
acd
6.125
5.904
bcd
11.190 10.935
abcd
15.653 15.053
Question 3
Continuation of Exercise 2. One of the variables in the experiment described in Exercise 2, heat treatment
method (C), is a categorical variable. Assume that the remaining factors are continuous.
(a) Write two regression models for predicting crack length, one for each level of the heat treatment method
variable. What differences, if any, do you notice in these two equations?
(b) Generate appropriate response surface contour plots for the two regression models in part (a).
(c) What set of conditions would you recommend for the factors A, B, and D if you use heat treatment method
C = +?
(d) Repeat…
Question 2
A nickel-titanium alloy is used to make components for jet turbine aircraft engines. Cracking is a potentially
serious problem in the final part because it can lead to nonrecoverable failure. A test is run at the parts producer
to determine the effect of four factors on cracks. The four factors are: pouring temperature (A), titanium content
(B), heat treatment method (C), amount of grain refiner used (D). Two replicates of a 24 design are run, and
the length of crack (in mm x10-2) induced in a sample coupon subjected to a standard test is measured. The
data are shown in Table 2.
1
(a) Estimate the factor effects. Which factor effects appear to be large?
(b) Conduct an analysis of variance. Do any of the factors affect cracking? Use a = 0.05.
(c) Write down a regression model that can be used to predict crack length as a function of the significant
main effects and interactions you have identified in part (b).
(d) Analyze the residuals from this experiment.
(e) Is there an…
Chapter 4 Solutions
Elementary Statistics: Picturing the World (7th Edition)
Ch. 4.1 - Determine whether each random variable x is...Ch. 4.1 - A company tracks the number of sales new employees...Ch. 4.1 - Verify that the distribution you constructed in...Ch. 4.1 - Determine whether each distribution is a...Ch. 4.1 - Find the mean of the probability distribution you...Ch. 4.1 - Find the variance and standard deviation of the...Ch. 4.1 - At a raffle, 2000 tickets are sold at 5 each for...Ch. 4.1 - What is a random variable? Give an example of a...Ch. 4.1 - What is a discrete probability distribution? What...Ch. 4.1 - Is the expected value of the probability...
Ch. 4.1 - What does the mean of a probability distribution...Ch. 4.1 - True or False? In Exercises 58, determine whether...Ch. 4.1 - True or False? In Exercises 58, determine whether...Ch. 4.1 - True or False? In Exercises 58, determine whether...Ch. 4.1 - True or False? In Exercises 58, determine whether...Ch. 4.1 - Graphical Analysis In Exercises 912, determine...Ch. 4.1 - Graphical Analysis In Exercises 912, determine...Ch. 4.1 - Graphical Analysis In Exercises 912, determine...Ch. 4.1 - Graphical Analysis In Exercises 912, determine...Ch. 4.1 - Discrete Variables and Continuous Variables In...Ch. 4.1 - Discrete Variables and Continuous Variables In...Ch. 4.1 - Discrete Variables and Continuous Variables In...Ch. 4.1 - Discrete Variables and Continuous Variables In...Ch. 4.1 - Discrete Variables and Continuous Variables In...Ch. 4.1 - Discrete Variables and Continuous Variables In...Ch. 4.1 - Constructing and Graphing Discrete Probability...Ch. 4.1 - Constructing and Graphing Discrete Probability...Ch. 4.1 - Finding Probabilities Use the probability...Ch. 4.1 - Finding Probabilities Use the probability...Ch. 4.1 - Unusual Events In Exercise 19, would it be unusual...Ch. 4.1 - Unusual Events In Exercise 20, would it be unusual...Ch. 4.1 - Determining a Missing Probability In Exercises 25...Ch. 4.1 - Determining a Missing Probability In Exercises 25...Ch. 4.1 - Identifying Probability Distributions In Exercises...Ch. 4.1 - Identifying Probability Distributions In Exercises...Ch. 4.1 - Finding the Mean, Variance, and Standard Deviation...Ch. 4.1 - Baseball The number of games played in each World...Ch. 4.1 - Finding the Mean, Variance, and Standard Deviation...Ch. 4.1 - Finding the Mean, Variance, and Standard Deviation...Ch. 4.1 - Hurricanes The histogram shows the distribution of...Ch. 4.1 - Reviewer Ratings The histogram shows the reviewer...Ch. 4.1 - Writing The expected value of an accountants...Ch. 4.1 - Writing In a game of chance, what is the...Ch. 4.1 - Finding an Expected Value In Exercises 37and 38,...Ch. 4.1 - A high school basketball team is selling 10 raffle...Ch. 4.1 - Linear Transformation of a Random Variable In...Ch. 4.1 - Prob. 40ECh. 4.1 - What is the average sum of their scores? 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A lab worker tells you that...Ch. 4 - In Exercises 17, consider a grocery store that can...Ch. 4 - In Exercises 17, consider a grocery store that can...Ch. 4 - Prob. 3TCh. 4 - Prob. 4TCh. 4 - Prob. 5TCh. 4 - In Exercises 17, consider a grocery store that can...Ch. 4 - In Exercises 17, consider a grocery store that can...
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