Discrete Mathematics with Graph Theory (Classic Version) (3rd Edition) (Pearson Modern Classics for Advanced Mathematics Series)
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9780134689555
Author: Edgar Goodaire, Michael Parmenter
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 4.1, Problem 2E
True or false? If false, give a counterexample.
(a) Subtraction is a closed operation on the real numbers.
(b) Subtraction of real numbers is commutative.
(c) Subtraction of real numbers is associative.
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Construct a know-show table for each statement below that appears to be true.
Problem 3. Pricing a multi-stock option the Margrabe formula
The purpose of this problem is to price a swap option in a 2-stock model, similarly as
what we did in the example in the lectures. We consider a two-dimensional Brownian
motion given by W₁ = (W(¹), W(2)) on a probability space (Q, F,P). Two stock prices
are modeled by the following equations:
dX
=
dY₁ =
X₁ (rdt+
rdt+0₁dW!)
(²)),
Y₁ (rdt+dW+0zdW!"),
with Xo
xo and Yo =yo. This corresponds to the multi-stock model studied in class,
but with notation (X+, Y₁) instead of (S(1), S(2)). Given the model above, the measure
P is already the risk-neutral measure (Both stocks have rate of return r). We write
σ = 0₁+0%. We consider a swap option, which gives you the right, at time T, to
exchange one share of X for one share of Y. That is, the option has payoff
F=(Yr-XT).
(a) We first assume that r = 0 (for questions (a)-(f)). Write an explicit expression for
the process Xt.
Reminder before proceeding to question (b): Girsanov's theorem…
Problem 1. Multi-stock model
We consider a 2-stock model similar to the one studied in class. Namely, we consider
=
S(1)
S(2)
=
S(¹) exp (σ1B(1) + (M1 - 0/1 )
S(²) exp (02B(2) + (H₂-
M2
where (B(¹) ) +20 and (B(2) ) +≥o are two Brownian motions, with
t≥0
Cov (B(¹), B(2)) = p min{t, s}.
"
The purpose of this problem is to prove that there indeed exists a 2-dimensional Brownian
motion (W+)+20 (W(1), W(2))+20 such that
=
S(1)
S(2)
=
=
S(¹) exp (011W(¹) + (μ₁ - 01/1) t)
롱)
S(²) exp (021W (1) + 022W(2) + (112 - 03/01/12) t).
where σ11, 21, 22 are constants to be determined (as functions of σ1, σ2, p).
Hint: The constants will follow the formulas developed in the lectures.
(a) To show existence of (Ŵ+), first write the expression for both W. (¹) and W (2)
functions of (B(1), B(²)).
as
(b) Using the formulas obtained in (a), show that the process (WA) is actually a 2-
dimensional standard Brownian motion (i.e. show that each component is normal,
with mean 0, variance t, and that their…
Chapter 4 Solutions
Discrete Mathematics with Graph Theory (Classic Version) (3rd Edition) (Pearson Modern Classics for Advanced Mathematics Series)
Ch. 4.1 - 227Ch. 4.1 - The Well-Ordering Principle states that any...Ch. 4.1 - Prob. 3TFQCh. 4.1 - Prob. 4TFQCh. 4.1 - Prob. 5TFQCh. 4.1 - Prob. 6TFQCh. 4.1 - Prob. 7TFQCh. 4.1 - Prob. 8TFQCh. 4.1 - Prob. 9TFQCh. 4.1 - Prob. 10TFQ
Ch. 4.1 - Prob. 1ECh. 4.1 - 2. True or false? If false, give a counterexample....Ch. 4.1 - Prob. 3ECh. 4.1 - Prob. 4ECh. 4.1 - Prob. 5ECh. 4.1 - Prob. 6ECh. 4.1 - Prob. 7ECh. 4.1 - Prob. 8ECh. 4.1 - 9. Suppose is a natural number and is the...Ch. 4.1 - Prob. 10ECh. 4.1 - Prob. 11ECh. 4.1 - Prob. 12ECh. 4.2 - True/False Questions
Given two consecutive...Ch. 4.2 - Prob. 2TFQCh. 4.2 - Prob. 3TFQCh. 4.2 - Prob. 4TFQCh. 4.2 - Prob. 5TFQCh. 4.2 - Prob. 6TFQCh. 4.2 - Prob. 7TFQCh. 4.2 - Prob. 8TFQCh. 4.2 - Prob. 9TFQCh. 4.2 - Prob. 10TFQCh. 4.2 - Prob. 1ECh. 4.2 - Prob. 2ECh. 4.2 - Draw the Hasse diagrams for each of the following...Ch. 4.2 - List all minimal, minimum, maximal, and maximum...Ch. 4.2 - Let n be a natural number. Given n consecutive...Ch. 4.2 - Prove that n22(n an integer) is never divisible by...Ch. 4.2 - Given that a and x are integers, a1, a|(11x+3),...Ch. 4.2 - Prob. 8ECh. 4.2 - Prob. 9ECh. 4.2 - Prob. 10ECh. 4.2 - Prob. 11ECh. 4.2 - Prob. 12ECh. 4.2 - Prob. 13ECh. 4.2 - If a and b are relatively prime integers, prove...Ch. 4.2 - Prob. 15ECh. 4.2 - Prob. 16ECh. 4.2 - 17. (a) Find a pair of integers and such that ....Ch. 4.2 - Prob. 18ECh. 4.2 - Prob. 19ECh. 4.2 - Prob. 20ECh. 4.2 - Prob. 21ECh. 4.2 - If aN, prove that...Ch. 4.2 - Prob. 23ECh. 4.2 - Prob. 24ECh. 4.2 - Prob. 25ECh. 4.2 - Prob. 26ECh. 4.2 - Prob. 27ECh. 4.2 - Prob. 28ECh. 4.2 - Prob. 29ECh. 4.2 - Prob. 30ECh. 4.2 - Establish formula (2) of this section by proving...Ch. 4.2 - Prob. 32ECh. 4.2 - Suppose a,b,c are nonzero integers. Show that...Ch. 4.2 - 34. Suppose that and are partial orders.
(a)...Ch. 4.2 - Prob. 35ECh. 4.2 - Let g be the greatest common divisor of integers m...Ch. 4.3 - 127 is a prime number.Ch. 4.3 - Prob. 2TFQCh. 4.3 - Prob. 3TFQCh. 4.3 - Prob. 4TFQCh. 4.3 - Prob. 5TFQCh. 4.3 - Prob. 6TFQCh. 4.3 - Prob. 7TFQCh. 4.3 - Prob. 8TFQCh. 4.3 - Prob. 9TFQCh. 4.3 - Prob. 10TFQCh. 4.3 - Determine whether each of the following integers...Ch. 4.3 - Prob. 2ECh. 4.3 - Suppose p is the smallest prime factor of an...Ch. 4.3 - Prob. 4ECh. 4.3 - Prob. 5ECh. 4.3 - Prob. 6ECh. 4.3 - Prob. 7ECh. 4.3 - Prob. 8ECh. 4.3 - Prob. 9ECh. 4.3 - Prob. 10ECh. 4.3 - Prob. 11ECh. 4.3 - Prob. 12ECh. 4.3 - Estimate the number of primes less than 5000, less...Ch. 4.3 - Prob. 14ECh. 4.3 - Prob. 15ECh. 4.3 - Prob. 16ECh. 4.3 - Prob. 17ECh. 4.3 - 18. (a) Is prime? Explain your answer.
(b) Is...Ch. 4.3 - Prob. 19ECh. 4.3 - Prob. 20ECh. 4.3 - 21. Show that the sum of two consecutive primes is...Ch. 4.3 - Prob. 22ECh. 4.3 - Prob. 23ECh. 4.3 - Prob. 24ECh. 4.3 - Prob. 25ECh. 4.3 - Prob. 26ECh. 4.3 - Let p1p2.......pn+1 denote the first n+1 primes...Ch. 4.3 - Prob. 28ECh. 4.3 - Prob. 29ECh. 4.3 - Let a and b be natural numbers. Find the prime...Ch. 4.3 - Prob. 31ECh. 4.3 - Prob. 32ECh. 4.3 - 33. Show that there are infinitely many triples of...Ch. 4.3 - Prob. 34ECh. 4.3 - Prob. 35ECh. 4.3 - 36. Let denote the set of positive rational...Ch. 4.3 - Prob. 37ECh. 4.3 - Prob. 38ECh. 4.4 - A 2003 country music hit by Alan Jackson and Jimmy...Ch. 4.4 - Prob. 2TFQCh. 4.4 - Prob. 3TFQCh. 4.4 - 4.
Ch. 4.4 - Prob. 5TFQCh. 4.4 - There are 72 congruence classes of integers mod...Ch. 4.4 - Prob. 7TFQCh. 4.4 - Prob. 8TFQCh. 4.4 - Prob. 9TFQCh. 4.4 - Prob. 10TFQCh. 4.4 - Prob. 1ECh. 4.4 - Prob. 2ECh. 4.4 - Prob. 3ECh. 4.4 - 4. True or False? Give a reason for each answer....Ch. 4.4 - Prob. 5ECh. 4.4 - Prob. 6ECh. 4.4 - Prob. 7ECh. 4.4 - Prob. 8ECh. 4.4 - Find all integers x, 0xn, satisfying each of the...Ch. 4.4 - 10. (a) Given integers and a prime , suppose ....Ch. 4.4 - 11. Find all integers and, , that satisfy each of...Ch. 4.4 - Prob. 12ECh. 4.4 - Prob. 13ECh. 4.4 - Prob. 14ECh. 4.4 - Prob. 15ECh. 4.4 - Prob. 16ECh. 4.4 - Prob. 17ECh. 4.4 - Find all integers x, 0xn, that satisfy each of the...Ch. 4.4 - Find all integers x,0xn, that satisfy each of the...Ch. 4.4 - Find all integers x,0xn, that satisfy each of the...Ch. 4.4 - In each case, find the inverse of a(modn) and use...Ch. 4.4 - In each of the following the given integer p is a...Ch. 4.4 - 23. Show that has no solutions.
Ch. 4.4 - 24. Let A be the set of congruence classes of...Ch. 4.5 - Prob. 1TFQCh. 4.5 - Prob. 2TFQCh. 4.5 - Prob. 3TFQCh. 4.5 - Prob. 4TFQCh. 4.5 - Prob. 5TFQCh. 4.5 - Prob. 6TFQCh. 4.5 - Prob. 7TFQCh. 4.5 - Prob. 8TFQCh. 4.5 - Prob. 9TFQCh. 4.5 - Prob. 10TFQCh. 4.5 - Prob. 1ECh. 4.5 - Prob. 2ECh. 4.5 - Prob. 3ECh. 4.5 - Prob. 4ECh. 4.5 - Prob. 5ECh. 4.5 - Prob. 6ECh. 4.5 - Prob. 7ECh. 4.5 - Prob. 8ECh. 4.5 - Prob. 9ECh. 4.5 - Prob. 10ECh. 4.5 - Prob. 11ECh. 4.5 - Prob. 12ECh. 4.5 - Prob. 13ECh. 4.5 - Prob. 14ECh. 4.5 - Prob. 15ECh. 4.5 - Prob. 16ECh. 4.5 - Prob. 17ECh. 4.5 - 18. In each case, find the smallest nonnegative...Ch. 4.5 - For each of the following, find the smallest...Ch. 4.5 - Prob. 20ECh. 4.5 - In each of the following cases, find a positive...Ch. 4.5 - Prob. 22ECh. 4.5 - Prob. 23ECh. 4.5 - Prob. 24ECh. 4.5 - 25. Suppose. Decode each of the following encoded...Ch. 4 - Find the quotient and remainder when...Ch. 4 - Convert (1100101)2 to base 10. Convert 32,145 to...Ch. 4 - Prob. 3RECh. 4 - An integer n, which has exactly eight factors, is...Ch. 4 - Prob. 5RECh. 4 - Prob. 6RECh. 4 - Prob. 7RECh. 4 - Prob. 8RECh. 4 - Illustrate the Euclidean algorithm by showing that...Ch. 4 - Prob. 10RECh. 4 - Prob. 11RECh. 4 - Prob. 12RECh. 4 - 13. Suppose. Show that is not the sum of three...Ch. 4 - Prob. 14RECh. 4 - Prob. 15RECh. 4 - Prob. 16RECh. 4 - Prob. 17RECh. 4 - 18. What is the last digit of ? [Hint: You want...Ch. 4 - Prob. 19RECh. 4 - Prob. 20RECh. 4 - Compute 380(mod7). Find all integers x such that...Ch. 4 - Prob. 22RECh. 4 - Prob. 23RECh. 4 - Prob. 24RECh. 4 - Prob. 25RECh. 4 - Prob. 26RECh. 4 - Find the smallest positive integer x that...
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