The similarities and differences between strict aerobes, strict anaerobes, and facultative anaerobes. Introduction: Micro-organisms can be classified into various categories based on the requirement of oxygen for their survival. These categories are strict (obligate) aerobes, strict (obligate) anaerobes, facultative anaerobes, aerotolerant anaerobes, and microaerophiles.

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Answer 1

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Definition Definition Set of metabolic processes and reactions that produce energy from organic substances such as glucose. Cellular respiration takes place in the organism’s cells, where the chemical energy from nutrients or molecules of oxygen is converted into adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Cellular respiration that occurs in the presence of oxygen is called aerobic respiration; in the absence of oxygen, it is called anaerobic respiration.

Chapter 41, Problem 1RC

Summary Introduction

To determine: The similarities and differences between strict aerobes, strict anaerobes, and facultative anaerobes.

Introduction: Micro-organisms can be classified into various categories based on the requirement of oxygen for their survival. These categories are strict (obligate) aerobes, strict (obligate) anaerobes, facultative anaerobes, aerotolerant anaerobes, and microaerophiles.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

Aerobes and anaerobes (facultative or strict) both perform cellular respiration and utilize glucose as a substrate or starting molecule to produce ATP or energy. However, the amount of ATP released by aerobic respiration is much more as compared to that of anaerobic respiration.

The differences between strict aerobes, strict anaerobes, and facultative anaerobes are as follows:

S. No.	Characteristics	Strict aerobes	Strict anaerobes	Facultative anaerobes
1.	Oxygen requirement	The organisms that strictly require oxygen in order to grow are strict aerobes.	The organisms for which oxygen is toxic, and they only grow under high reducing intensity or absence of oxygen are strict anaerobes.	The organisms that can grow under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions are facultative anaerobes.
2.	Terminal electron acceptor	They use molecular oxygen as a terminal electron acceptor.	They use molecules such as sulfate (SO₄^2-), nitrate (NO₃^-), and ferric iron (Fe₃⁺) as terminal electron acceptors.	They preferentially use molecular oxygen as terminal electron acceptors but can also use sulfate (SO₄^2-), nitrate (NO₃^-).
3.	Examples	Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Mycobacterium tuberculosis.	Clostridium, and Propionibacterium	Escherichia coli, Salmonella, and Staphylococcus aureus.

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Genes at loci f, m, and w are linked, but their order is unknown. The F1 heterozygotes from a cross of FFMMWW x ffmmww are test crossed. The most frequent phenotypes in the test cross progeny will be FMW and fmw regardless of what the gene order turns out to be. What classes of testcross progeny (phenotypes) would be least frequent if locus m is in the middle? What classes would be least frequent if locus f is in the middle? What classes would be least frequent if locus w is in the middle?

Answer 2

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Definition Definition Set of metabolic processes and reactions that produce energy from organic substances such as glucose. Cellular respiration takes place in the organism’s cells, where the chemical energy from nutrients or molecules of oxygen is converted into adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Cellular respiration that occurs in the presence of oxygen is called aerobic respiration; in the absence of oxygen, it is called anaerobic respiration.

Chapter 41, Problem 1RC

Summary Introduction

To determine: The similarities and differences between strict aerobes, strict anaerobes, and facultative anaerobes.

Introduction: Micro-organisms can be classified into various categories based on the requirement of oxygen for their survival. These categories are strict (obligate) aerobes, strict (obligate) anaerobes, facultative anaerobes, aerotolerant anaerobes, and microaerophiles.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

Aerobes and anaerobes (facultative or strict) both perform cellular respiration and utilize glucose as a substrate or starting molecule to produce ATP or energy. However, the amount of ATP released by aerobic respiration is much more as compared to that of anaerobic respiration.

The differences between strict aerobes, strict anaerobes, and facultative anaerobes are as follows:

S. No.	Characteristics	Strict aerobes	Strict anaerobes	Facultative anaerobes
1.	Oxygen requirement	The organisms that strictly require oxygen in order to grow are strict aerobes.	The organisms for which oxygen is toxic, and they only grow under high reducing intensity or absence of oxygen are strict anaerobes.	The organisms that can grow under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions are facultative anaerobes.
2.	Terminal electron acceptor	They use molecular oxygen as a terminal electron acceptor.	They use molecules such as sulfate (SO₄^2-), nitrate (NO₃^-), and ferric iron (Fe₃⁺) as terminal electron acceptors.	They preferentially use molecular oxygen as terminal electron acceptors but can also use sulfate (SO₄^2-), nitrate (NO₃^-).
3.	Examples	Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Mycobacterium tuberculosis.	Clostridium, and Propionibacterium	Escherichia coli, Salmonella, and Staphylococcus aureus.

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Answer 3

Question

Definition Definition Set of metabolic processes and reactions that produce energy from organic substances such as glucose. Cellular respiration takes place in the organism’s cells, where the chemical energy from nutrients or molecules of oxygen is converted into adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Cellular respiration that occurs in the presence of oxygen is called aerobic respiration; in the absence of oxygen, it is called anaerobic respiration.

Chapter 41, Problem 1RC

Summary Introduction

To determine: The similarities and differences between strict aerobes, strict anaerobes, and facultative anaerobes.

Introduction: Micro-organisms can be classified into various categories based on the requirement of oxygen for their survival. These categories are strict (obligate) aerobes, strict (obligate) anaerobes, facultative anaerobes, aerotolerant anaerobes, and microaerophiles.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

Aerobes and anaerobes (facultative or strict) both perform cellular respiration and utilize glucose as a substrate or starting molecule to produce ATP or energy. However, the amount of ATP released by aerobic respiration is much more as compared to that of anaerobic respiration.

The differences between strict aerobes, strict anaerobes, and facultative anaerobes are as follows:

S. No.	Characteristics	Strict aerobes	Strict anaerobes	Facultative anaerobes
1.	Oxygen requirement	The organisms that strictly require oxygen in order to grow are strict aerobes.	The organisms for which oxygen is toxic, and they only grow under high reducing intensity or absence of oxygen are strict anaerobes.	The organisms that can grow under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions are facultative anaerobes.
2.	Terminal electron acceptor	They use molecular oxygen as a terminal electron acceptor.	They use molecules such as sulfate (SO₄^2-), nitrate (NO₃^-), and ferric iron (Fe₃⁺) as terminal electron acceptors.	They preferentially use molecular oxygen as terminal electron acceptors but can also use sulfate (SO₄^2-), nitrate (NO₃^-).
3.	Examples	Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Mycobacterium tuberculosis.	Clostridium, and Propionibacterium	Escherichia coli, Salmonella, and Staphylococcus aureus.

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Answer 4

Question

Definition Definition Set of metabolic processes and reactions that produce energy from organic substances such as glucose. Cellular respiration takes place in the organism’s cells, where the chemical energy from nutrients or molecules of oxygen is converted into adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Cellular respiration that occurs in the presence of oxygen is called aerobic respiration; in the absence of oxygen, it is called anaerobic respiration.

Chapter 41, Problem 1RC

Summary Introduction

To determine: The similarities and differences between strict aerobes, strict anaerobes, and facultative anaerobes.

Introduction: Micro-organisms can be classified into various categories based on the requirement of oxygen for their survival. These categories are strict (obligate) aerobes, strict (obligate) anaerobes, facultative anaerobes, aerotolerant anaerobes, and microaerophiles.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

Aerobes and anaerobes (facultative or strict) both perform cellular respiration and utilize glucose as a substrate or starting molecule to produce ATP or energy. However, the amount of ATP released by aerobic respiration is much more as compared to that of anaerobic respiration.

The differences between strict aerobes, strict anaerobes, and facultative anaerobes are as follows:

S. No.	Characteristics	Strict aerobes	Strict anaerobes	Facultative anaerobes
1.	Oxygen requirement	The organisms that strictly require oxygen in order to grow are strict aerobes.	The organisms for which oxygen is toxic, and they only grow under high reducing intensity or absence of oxygen are strict anaerobes.	The organisms that can grow under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions are facultative anaerobes.
2.	Terminal electron acceptor	They use molecular oxygen as a terminal electron acceptor.	They use molecules such as sulfate (SO₄^2-), nitrate (NO₃^-), and ferric iron (Fe₃⁺) as terminal electron acceptors.	They preferentially use molecular oxygen as terminal electron acceptors but can also use sulfate (SO₄^2-), nitrate (NO₃^-).
3.	Examples	Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Mycobacterium tuberculosis.	Clostridium, and Propionibacterium	Escherichia coli, Salmonella, and Staphylococcus aureus.

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Answer 5

Chapter 41, Problem 1RC

Summary Introduction

To determine: The similarities and differences between strict aerobes, strict anaerobes, and facultative anaerobes.

Introduction: Micro-organisms can be classified into various categories based on the requirement of oxygen for their survival. These categories are strict (obligate) aerobes, strict (obligate) anaerobes, facultative anaerobes, aerotolerant anaerobes, and microaerophiles.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

Aerobes and anaerobes (facultative or strict) both perform cellular respiration and utilize glucose as a substrate or starting molecule to produce ATP or energy. However, the amount of ATP released by aerobic respiration is much more as compared to that of anaerobic respiration.

The differences between strict aerobes, strict anaerobes, and facultative anaerobes are as follows:

S. No.	Characteristics	Strict aerobes	Strict anaerobes	Facultative anaerobes
1.	Oxygen requirement	The organisms that strictly require oxygen in order to grow are strict aerobes.	The organisms for which oxygen is toxic, and they only grow under high reducing intensity or absence of oxygen are strict anaerobes.	The organisms that can grow under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions are facultative anaerobes.
2.	Terminal electron acceptor	They use molecular oxygen as a terminal electron acceptor.	They use molecules such as sulfate (SO₄^2-), nitrate (NO₃^-), and ferric iron (Fe₃⁺) as terminal electron acceptors.	They preferentially use molecular oxygen as terminal electron acceptors but can also use sulfate (SO₄^2-), nitrate (NO₃^-).
3.	Examples	Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Mycobacterium tuberculosis.	Clostridium, and Propionibacterium	Escherichia coli, Salmonella, and Staphylococcus aureus.

Answer 6

Chapter 41, Problem 1RC

Summary Introduction

To determine: The similarities and differences between strict aerobes, strict anaerobes, and facultative anaerobes.

Introduction: Micro-organisms can be classified into various categories based on the requirement of oxygen for their survival. These categories are strict (obligate) aerobes, strict (obligate) anaerobes, facultative anaerobes, aerotolerant anaerobes, and microaerophiles.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

Aerobes and anaerobes (facultative or strict) both perform cellular respiration and utilize glucose as a substrate or starting molecule to produce ATP or energy. However, the amount of ATP released by aerobic respiration is much more as compared to that of anaerobic respiration.

The differences between strict aerobes, strict anaerobes, and facultative anaerobes are as follows:

S. No.	Characteristics	Strict aerobes	Strict anaerobes	Facultative anaerobes
1.	Oxygen requirement	The organisms that strictly require oxygen in order to grow are strict aerobes.	The organisms for which oxygen is toxic, and they only grow under high reducing intensity or absence of oxygen are strict anaerobes.	The organisms that can grow under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions are facultative anaerobes.
2.	Terminal electron acceptor	They use molecular oxygen as a terminal electron acceptor.	They use molecules such as sulfate (SO₄^2-), nitrate (NO₃^-), and ferric iron (Fe₃⁺) as terminal electron acceptors.	They preferentially use molecular oxygen as terminal electron acceptors but can also use sulfate (SO₄^2-), nitrate (NO₃^-).
3.	Examples	Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Mycobacterium tuberculosis.	Clostridium, and Propionibacterium	Escherichia coli, Salmonella, and Staphylococcus aureus.

Answer 7

Chapter 41, Problem 1RC

Summary Introduction

To determine: The similarities and differences between strict aerobes, strict anaerobes, and facultative anaerobes.

Introduction: Micro-organisms can be classified into various categories based on the requirement of oxygen for their survival. These categories are strict (obligate) aerobes, strict (obligate) anaerobes, facultative anaerobes, aerotolerant anaerobes, and microaerophiles.

Answer 8

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

Aerobes and anaerobes (facultative or strict) both perform cellular respiration and utilize glucose as a substrate or starting molecule to produce ATP or energy. However, the amount of ATP released by aerobic respiration is much more as compared to that of anaerobic respiration.

The differences between strict aerobes, strict anaerobes, and facultative anaerobes are as follows:

S. No.	Characteristics	Strict aerobes	Strict anaerobes	Facultative anaerobes
1.	Oxygen requirement	The organisms that strictly require oxygen in order to grow are strict aerobes.	The organisms for which oxygen is toxic, and they only grow under high reducing intensity or absence of oxygen are strict anaerobes.	The organisms that can grow under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions are facultative anaerobes.
2.	Terminal electron acceptor	They use molecular oxygen as a terminal electron acceptor.	They use molecules such as sulfate (SO₄^2-), nitrate (NO₃^-), and ferric iron (Fe₃⁺) as terminal electron acceptors.	They preferentially use molecular oxygen as terminal electron acceptors but can also use sulfate (SO₄^2-), nitrate (NO₃^-).
3.	Examples	Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Mycobacterium tuberculosis.	Clostridium, and Propionibacterium	Escherichia coli, Salmonella, and Staphylococcus aureus.

Answer 9

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 10

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 11

Ch. 41.1 - What are some intrinsic factors that influence...Ch. 41.1 - How would the spoilage of bread differ from that...Ch. 41.1 - Why do sausage and other ground meat products...Ch. 41.1 - What extrinsic factors can determine whether food...Ch. 41.2 - MICRO INQUIRY Canned products such as vegetable...Ch. 41.2 - Prob. 1CC Ch. 41.2 - What types of chemicals can be used to preserve...Ch. 41.2 - What cellular component does HHP target? What is...Ch. 41.2 - How does nisin function? What bacterial genus...Ch. 41.2 - Prob. 5CC

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