
Concept explainers
To explain: The ways by which interspecific interactions are classified and also elaborate with an example.
Introduction:- The term interspecific is derived from Latin word that means between species. Interspecific interaction occurs between different species in a community. Interspecific interactions have an impact on each individual’s life history

Explanation of Solution
In the same ecosystem, there are five ways by which species interact with each other. Species interaction has an impact on food, space, and availability of other
Based on effects on fitness like beneficial, detrimental or neutral the interspecific interaction can be classified into five groups
Competition interaction:-It refers to the interaction in which individuals of the same species interact with each other for limited resources. For example, competition between African lions and spotted hyenas for wildebeest.
Consumption Interaction:-It refers to the interaction in which organism obtains nutrition by harming othersor are themselves harmed. Predation is one of the parts of consumption interaction in which predator kills another species. The dependence of American bison on the grasses of plains of North America is the example of consumption interaction.
Mutualism interaction:-In this type of interaction,both the species benefit each other byproviding food or place to live. Interaction between plants and seed-dispersing animals is a type of mutualism.
Commensalism interaction:- This type of interaction influences only one participant and the other remains unaffected. For example,phalaenopsis orchid attaches to the trunk of a tree. The tree remains unaffected while orchid gets moisture and food from a tree.
Amenalism interaction:- It affects only one party of interaction that is harmed. For example, elephants crush insects while grazing. Amensal interaction is mostly unintentional.
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Chapter 40 Solutions
PRINCIPLES OF LIFE
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