UNIVERSITY PHYSICS,VOL.3 (OER)
17th Edition
ISBN: 2810020283905
Author: OpenStax
Publisher: XANEDU
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Concept explainers
Textbook Question
Chapter 4, Problem 57P
(a) What is the minimum angular spread of a 633-nm wavelength He-Ne laser beam that is originally 1.00 mm in diameter? (b) If this laser is aimed at a mountain cliff 15.0 km away, how big will the illuminated spot be? (c) How big a spot would be illuminated on the moon, neglecting atmospheric effects? (This might be done to hit a corner reflector to measure the round-trip time and, hence, distance.)
Expert Solution & Answer
Trending nowThis is a popular solution!
Students have asked these similar questions
Estimate the angular spread of a laser beam due todiffraction if the beam emerges through a 3.0-mm-diametermirror. Assume that λ = 694nm What would be the diameter of this beam if it struck (a) a satellite 340 km above the Earth, or (b) the Moon?
A sodium laser emits a light beam of wavelength 589 nm in air, with a beam diameter of 3 mmand emitted power of 50 mW. Evaluate:i) the wavenumber k0,ii) the angular frequency ω, andiii) the peak amplitude of the electric field E0 in the laser spot (you may assume beam divergencedue to diffraction is negligible).Give the appropriate SI units in each case.
A laser with 589 nm wavelength and a beam diameter of 2 mm is fed through a beam-expander,then aimed from point A to point B at a distance of 2.75 km.What expansion factor is required for the beam-expander in order that the diffraction-limited spotat point B has a diameter of 30 cm (defined as the diameter of the first dark ring) ?
Chapter 4 Solutions
UNIVERSITY PHYSICS,VOL.3 (OER)
Ch. 4 - Check Your Understanding Suppose the slit width in...Ch. 4 - Check Your Understanding For the experiment in...Ch. 4 - Check Your Understanding For the experiment in...Ch. 4 - Check Your Understanding If the line spacing of a...Ch. 4 - Check Your Understanding What is the angular...Ch. 4 - Check Your Understanding For the experiment...Ch. 4 - As the width of the slit producing a single-slit...Ch. 4 - Compare interference and diffraction.Ch. 4 - If you and a friend are on opposite sides of a...Ch. 4 - What happens to the diffraction pattern of a...
Ch. 4 - In our study of diffraction by a single slit, we...Ch. 4 - A rectangular slit is twice as wide as it is high....Ch. 4 - In Equation 4.4, the parameter looks like an...Ch. 4 - Shown below is the central part of the...Ch. 4 - Is higher resolution obtained in a microscope with...Ch. 4 - The resolving power of refracting telescope...Ch. 4 - The distance between atoms in a molecule is about...Ch. 4 - A beam of light always spreads out. Why can a beam...Ch. 4 - Crystal lattices can be examined with X-rays but...Ch. 4 - How can you tell that a hologram is a true...Ch. 4 - If a hologram is recorded using monochromatic...Ch. 4 - What image will one see if a hologram is recorded...Ch. 4 - (a) At what angle is the first minimum for 550-nm...Ch. 4 - (a) Calculate the angle at which a 2.00-m-wide...Ch. 4 - (a) How wide is a single slit that produces its...Ch. 4 - (a) What is the width of a single slit that...Ch. 4 - Find the wavelength of light that has its third...Ch. 4 - (a) Sodium vapor light averaging 589 nm in...Ch. 4 - Consider a single-slit diffraction pattern for...Ch. 4 - (a) Find the angle between the first minima for...Ch. 4 - What is the minimum width of a single slit (in...Ch. 4 - (a) If a single slit produces a first minimum at...Ch. 4 - If the separation between the first and the second...Ch. 4 - A water break at the entrance to a harbor consists...Ch. 4 - An aircraft maintenance technician walks past a...Ch. 4 - A single slit of width 3.0 m is illuminated by a...Ch. 4 - A single slit of width 0.1 mm is illuminated by a...Ch. 4 - The width of the central peak in a single-slit...Ch. 4 - Consider the single-slit diffraction pattern for...Ch. 4 - Two slits of width 2 m, each in an opaque...Ch. 4 - A double slit produces a diffraction pattern that...Ch. 4 - For a double-slit configuration where the slit...Ch. 4 - Light of wavelength 500 nm falls normally on 50...Ch. 4 - A monochromatic light of wavelength 589 nm...Ch. 4 - When a monochromatic light of wavelength 430 nm...Ch. 4 - Determine the intensities of two interference...Ch. 4 - A diffraction grating has 2000 lines per...Ch. 4 - Find the angle for the third-order maximum for...Ch. 4 - How many lines per centimeter are there on a...Ch. 4 - What is the distance between lines on a...Ch. 4 - Calculate the wavelength of light that has its...Ch. 4 - An electric current through hydrogen gas produces...Ch. 4 - (a) What do the four angles in the preceding...Ch. 4 - What is the spacing between structures in a...Ch. 4 - An opal such as that shown in Figure 4.15 acts...Ch. 4 - At what angle does a diffraction grating produce a...Ch. 4 - (a) Find the maximum number of lines per...Ch. 4 - (a) Show that a 30,000 line per centimeter grating...Ch. 4 - The analysis shown below also applies to...Ch. 4 - The 305-m-diameter Arecibo radio telescope...Ch. 4 - Assuming the angular resolution found for the...Ch. 4 - Diffraction spreading for a flashlight is...Ch. 4 - (a) What is the minimum angular spread of a 633-nm...Ch. 4 - A telescope can be used to enlarge the diameter of...Ch. 4 - The limit to the eye’s acuity is actually related...Ch. 4 - What is the minimum diameter mirror on a telescope...Ch. 4 - Find the radius of a star’s image on the retina of...Ch. 4 - (a) The dwarf planet Pluto and its moon, Charon,...Ch. 4 - A spy satellite orbits Earth at a height of 180...Ch. 4 - What is the minimum angular separation of two...Ch. 4 - The headlights of a car are 1.3 m apart. What is...Ch. 4 - When dots are placed on a page from a laser...Ch. 4 - Suppose you are looking down at a highway from a...Ch. 4 - Can an astronaut orbiting Earth in a satellite at...Ch. 4 - The characters of a stadium scoreboard are formed...Ch. 4 - If a microscope can accept light from objects at...Ch. 4 - A camera uses a lens with aperture 2.0 cm. What is...Ch. 4 - X-rays of wavelength 0.103 nm reflects off a...Ch. 4 - A first-order Bragg reflection maximum is observed...Ch. 4 - An X-ray scattering experiment is performed on a...Ch. 4 - The structure of the NaCl crystal forms reflecting...Ch. 4 - On a certain crystal, a first-order X-ray...Ch. 4 - Calcite crystals contain scattering planes...Ch. 4 - The first-order Bragg angle for a certain crystal...Ch. 4 - White light falls on two narrow slits separated by...Ch. 4 - Microwaves of wavelength 10.0 mm fall normally on...Ch. 4 - Quasars, or quasi-stellar radio sources, are...Ch. 4 - Two slits each of width 1800 nm and separated by...Ch. 4 - A microwave of an unknown wavelength is incident...Ch. 4 - Red light (wavelength 632.8 nm in air) from a...Ch. 4 - A light ray of wavelength 461.9 nm emerges from a...Ch. 4 - How far apart must two objects be on the moon to...Ch. 4 - How far apart must two objects be on the moon to...Ch. 4 - A spy satellite is reputed to be able to resolve...Ch. 4 - Monochromatic light of wavelength 530 nm passes...Ch. 4 - A monochromatic light of unknown wavelength is...Ch. 4 - A source of light having two wavelengths 550 nm...Ch. 4 - A single slit of width 2100 nm is illuminated...Ch. 4 - A single slit of width 3.0 m is illuminated by a...Ch. 4 - A single slit of width 0.10 mm is illuminated by a...Ch. 4 - A diffraction grating produces a second maximum...Ch. 4 - A grating with 4000 lines per centimeter is used...Ch. 4 - A diffraction grating with 2000 lines per...Ch. 4 - For white light (400nm700nm) falling normally on a...Ch. 4 - How many complete orders of the visible spectrum...Ch. 4 - Two lamps producing light of wavelength 589 nm are...Ch. 4 - On a bright clear day, you are at the top of a...Ch. 4 - Radio telescopes are telescopes used for the...Ch. 4 - Calculate the wavelength of light that produces...Ch. 4 - (a) Find the angle of the third diffraction...Ch. 4 - As an example of diffraction by apertures of...Ch. 4 - What are the angular positions of the first and...Ch. 4 - How far would you place a screen from the slit of...Ch. 4 - How narrow is a slit that produces a diffraction...Ch. 4 - Suppose that the central peak of a single-slit...Ch. 4 - The central diffraction peak of the double-slit...Ch. 4 - Determine the intensities of three interference...Ch. 4 - The yellow light from a sodium vapor lamp seems to...Ch. 4 - Structures on a bird feather act like a reflection...Ch. 4 - If a diffraction grating produces a first-order...Ch. 4 - (a) What visible wavelength has its fourth-order...Ch. 4 - Consider a spectrometer based on a diffraction...Ch. 4 - An amateur astronomer wants to build a telescope...Ch. 4 - Blue light of wavelength 450 nm falls on a slit of...Ch. 4 - (a) Assume that the maxima are halfway between the...Ch. 4 - (a) By differentiating Equation 4.4, show that the...Ch. 4 - What is the maximum number of lines per centimeter...Ch. 4 - Show that a diffraction grating cannot produce a...Ch. 4 - A He-Ne laser beam is reflected from the surface...Ch. 4 - Objects viewed through a microscope are placed...
Additional Science Textbook Solutions
Find more solutions based on key concepts
8. A 1000 kg car pushes a 2000 kg truck that has a dead battery. When the driver steps on the accelerator, the ...
Physics for Scientists and Engineers: A Strategic Approach, Vol. 1 (Chs 1-21) (4th Edition)
Distinguish between microevolution, speciation, and macroevolution.
Campbell Essential Biology (7th Edition)
Match the following examples of mutagens. Column A Column B ___a. A mutagen that is incorporated into DNA in pl...
Microbiology: An Introduction
1. Why is the quantum-mechanical model of the atom important for understanding chemistry?
Chemistry: Structure and Properties (2nd Edition)
Q1. How many atoms are there in 5.8 mol helium?
a. 23.2 atoms
b. atoms
c. atoms
d. atoms
Introductory Chemistry (6th Edition)
1. ___ Mitosis 2. ___ Meiosis 3. __ Homologous chromosomes 4. __ Crossing over 5. __ Cytokinesis A. Cytoplasmic...
Microbiology with Diseases by Body System (5th Edition)
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, physics and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- An X-ray scattering experiment is performed on a crystal whose atoms form planes separated by 0.440 nm. Using an X-ray source of wavelength 0.548 nm, what is the angle (with respect to the planes in question) at which the experimenter needs to illuminate the crystal in order to observe a first-order maximum?arrow_forwardAmerican physicists Davisson and Germer did a diffraction experiment in the1920s to demonstrate the wave-like property of electrons. If d is 0.215 nm for a cubiclattice crystal (see Fig. 1), and the incident beam is perpendicular to the surface of thecrystal,(a) find the optical path length difference between ray 1 and ray 2 in terms of dand φ.(b) how much voltage has to be applied to a beam of electrons so the diffractionpeak would be observed at φ = 53.13°?arrow_forward(a) What are X-rays? Differentiate between characteristic (monochromatic) and continuous X-rays. What are Laue equations for diffraction of X-rays by a crystalline solid? Show that the Bragg's equation is a special case of the Laue equations.arrow_forward
- An interference filter is to be constructed for isolation of the nitrobenzene absorption band at 1537cm-1. a) If it is to be based on first-order interference, what should be the thickness of the dielectric layer(refractive index of 1.34)? b) What other wavelength would be transmitted?arrow_forwardWith a He-Ne laser of wavelength 11.5×10−7m, fringes remain clearly visible whenthe path difference is increased up to 10 m. Calculate the coherence length, coherencetime and the spectral half width for He-Ne laser.arrow_forwardA certain device for analyzing electromagnetic radiation is based on the Bragg scattering of the radiation from a crystal. For radiation of wavelength 0.149 nm, the first-order Bragg peak appears centered at an angle of 15.15°. The aperture of the analyzer passes radiation in the angular range of 0.015°. What is the corresponding range of wavelengths passing through the analyzer?arrow_forward
- A crystal sample of bacteriorhodpsin, a light-sensitive protein found in halobacteria that responds to light energy, has crystal planes separated by 0.20 nm. If a beam of 11 keV x rays illuminates a sample, what angles will give diffraction maxima?arrow_forwardWhen a powerful laser is employed in the Earth's atmosphere, the accompanying electric field may ionize the air, transforming it into a plasma that reflects the laser light. Electric breakdown occurs in dry air at 0°C and 1 atm when field amplitudes above around 3:00 Mv/m a). At this maximum intensity, how much Power can a cylindrical beam with a diameter of 4.03 mm deliver? Note Answer must be in W.arrow_forwardA beam of X-rays of first-order wavelength 1.5406 Å is diffracted by a cubic crystal with lattice constant of 4.2 Å. What is the relationship between the glancing angle if the (002), (020), and (200) planes of the crystal diffract the X-ray? Given: (1) For a cubic crystal, the lattice translation vector (a) relates lattice spacing (d) and Miller indices (h k l) through the relation a? = d²(h? + k² + l²); (2) 1 Å = 10-1º m.arrow_forward
- An electron microscope uses magnets to accelerate electrons with negligible initial speed through apotential difference of 50 million volts. Calculate the ratio of the resolution of this electron microscope to theresolution of a microscope that uses visible light with a wavelength of 5.00 × 10−7 m through a circularaperture with an aperture of 5.00 mm.arrow_forwardThe active medium in a particular laser that generates laser light at a wavelength of 694 nm is 6.00 cm long and 1.00 cm in diameter. (a) Treat the medium as an optical resonance cavity analogous to a closed organ pipe. How many standing-wave nodes are there along the laser axis? (b) By what amount f would the beam frequency have to shift to increase this number by one? (c) Show that f is just the inverse of the travel time of laser light for one round trip back and forth along the laser axis. (d) What is the corresponding fractional frequency shift f /f ? The appropriate index of refraction of the lasing medium (a ruby crystal) is 1.75arrow_forwardThe spacing between atoms in KCl crystal is 3.1 x 10^-10 m. At what angle from the surface will a beam of 3.14 x 10^-11 m x-rays be constructively scattered? (Ans. 2.9 degrees)arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
Principles of Physics: A Calculus-Based TextPhysicsISBN:9781133104261Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. JewettPublisher:Cengage Learning
University Physics Volume 3PhysicsISBN:9781938168185Author:William Moebs, Jeff SannyPublisher:OpenStax
Principles of Physics: A Calculus-Based Text
Physics
ISBN:9781133104261
Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. Jewett
Publisher:Cengage Learning
University Physics Volume 3
Physics
ISBN:9781938168185
Author:William Moebs, Jeff Sanny
Publisher:OpenStax