Chapter 4, Problem 51P

a.

To determine

Prepare the journal entries made by the subsidiary to record the sale of the equipment to the parent; and by the parent to record the purchase and the [I] entries for the year of sale.

Explanation of Solution

An acquisition of assets is the purchase of a corporation by purchasing its assets rather than its stock. An acquisition is when one company acquires most or all of the shares of another company to gain control over that company. An investment in equity is money which is invested in a company by buying that company's shares in the stock market. Typically, those shares are traded in a stock exchange.

The required journal entry recorded by the subsidiary is as follows:

Date	Account title and Explanation	Post Ref	Debit ($)	Credit ($)
	Cash		$\$200,000$
	Accumulated depreciation		$\$230,400$
	Equipment			$\$384,000$
	Gain on sale of Equipment			$\$46,400$
	(To record the sale of equipment)

Table (1)

The required journal entry recorded by the parent is as follows:

Date	Account title and Explanation	Post Ref	Debit ($)	Credit ($)
	Equipment		$\$200,000$
	Cash			$\$200,000$
	(To record the purchase of equipment)
	[Igain] Gain on sale of equipment		$\$46,400$
	Equipment		$\$184,000$
	Accumulated depreciation			$\$230,400$
	(To adjust Gain, Equipment, and Accumulated Depreciation on the date of the intercompany transfer of equipment – given that the transaction occurred at the beginning of the year, usage of the equipment for the year must be reflected in a separate entry)
	[Idep] Accumulated depreciation		$\$11,600$
	Depreciation Expense			$\$11,600$
	(To eliminate the excess depreciation expense recorded by the parent, and to adjust accumulated depreciation from the BOY amount to the EOY amount)

Table (1)

Working notes:

In January of 2016, the wholly owned subsidiary sold Equipment to the parent for a cash price of $200,000. The parent retained the depreciation policy of the subsidiary and depreciated the equipment over its remaining 4-year useful life.

Depreciation charged by the parent on equipment is $200,000/4 i.e., $50,000.

The subsidiary had acquired the equipment at a cost of $384,000 and depreciated the equipment over its 10-year useful life using the straight-line method.

Depreciation charged by the subsidiary on equipment is $384,000/10 i.e., $38,400.

Calculate excess depreciation:

$\begin{array}{c}\text{Excess Depreciation}=\$50,000-\$38,400\\ =\$11,600\end{array}$

b.

To determine

Compute the remaining portion of the deferred gain on January 1, 2019.

Explanation of Solution

In January of 2016, the wholly owned subsidiary sold Equipment to the parent for a cash price of $200,000. The parent retained the depreciation policy of the subsidiary and depreciated the equipment over its remaining 4-year useful life.

Depreciation charged by the parent on equipment is $200,000/4 i.e., $50,000.

The subsidiary had acquired the equipment at a cost of $384,000 and depreciated the equipment over its 10-year useful life using the straight-line method.

Depreciation charged by the subsidiary on equipment is $384,000/10 i.e., $38,400.

Calculate excess depreciation:

$\begin{array}{c}\text{Excess Depreciation}=\$50,000-\$38,400\\ =\$11,600\end{array}$

Operating expenses of the subsidiary is $\$182,400$

Gain on the sale of the equipment is $\$46,400$

Through the BOY, three years have passed, so the deferred gain at the start of the current year is as follows:

$\begin{array}{c}\text{Deferred gain}=\$46,400-3\times \$11,600\\ =\$11,600\end{array}$

Hence, the remaining portion of the deferred gain on Jan 1, 2019 is $\$11,600$.

c.

To determine

Exhibit the calculation to yield the income (loss) from subsidiary reported by the parent company for the year ended Dec 31, 2019.

Explanation of Solution

Equity income is money generated from stock dividends that investors can access by buying dividend-declared stocks or by buying funds that invest in dividend-declared stocks.

Subsidiary net income is $\$100,800$

AAP Depreciation is $\$44,000$

Deferred gain on intercompany sale is $\$11,600$

The computation to yield the income (loss) from subsidiary reported by the parent company during 2019 is as follows:

Particulars	Amount ($)
Subsidiary net income	$\$100,800$
AAP Depreciation	$(\$44,000)$
Deferred gain on intercompany sale	$(\$11,600)$
Income (loss) from subsidiary	$\$68,400$

Table (1)

Hence, the income (loss) from subsidiary is $\$68,400$.

d.

To determine

Compute the equity investment account balance on Dec 31, 2019.

Explanation of Solution

An investment in equity is money which is invested in a company by buying that company's shares in the stock market. Typically, those shares are traded in a stock exchange.

EOY retained earnings of subsidiary is $\$400,000$

EOY Common stock of subsidiary is $\$88,000$.

EOY APIC of subsidiary is $\$268,000$.

Calculate EOY Unamortized AAP assets:

Particulars	Amount ($)	Dep./Amort.	Amount
Royalty Agreement	$\$168,000$	$6\times \$24,000=\$144,000$	$\$24,000$
Customer List	$\$140,000$	$6\times \$20,000=\$120,000$	$\$20,000$
EOY AAP assets	$\underset{\_}{\underset{\_}{\$308,000}}$	$\underset{\_}{\underset{\_}{\$44,000}}$	$\underset{\_}{\underset{\_}{\$44,000}}$

The computation to yield the Equity Investment balance on Dec 31, 2019 is as follows:

Particulars	Amount ($)
EOY subsidiary retained earnings	$\$400,000$
EOY subsidiary common stock	$\$88,000$
EOY subsidiary APIC	$\$268,000$
EOY Unamortized AAP	$\$44,000$
Less: Deferred gain on intercompany sale	$0$
Equity investment balance	$\$800,000$

Table (1)

Hence, the equity investment balance as on Dec 31, 2019 is $\$800,000$

e.

To determine

Prepare the consolidation entries for the year ended Dec 31, 2019.

Explanation of Solution

Consolidated financial statements are a group of entities financial statements that are presented as those of a single economic entity. They are the financial statements of a group in which the parent company and its subsidiaries introduce their assets, liabilities, equity, revenue, expenses and cash flows as those of a single business organization.

Consolidated accounting is used to club a parent company's financial information and one or more subsidiaries. The parent prepares consolidated financial statements through adjustment of entries and elimination of transactions between companies.

The required consolidation journal entries are as follows:

Date	Account title and Explanation	Post Ref	Debit ($)	Credit ($)
	[C] Income (loss) from subsidiary		$\$68,400$
	Dividends			$\$13,600$
	Equity Investment			$\$54,800$
	[E]  Common Stock (S) @ BOY		$\$88,000$
	APIC (S) @BOY		$\$268,000$
	Retained Earnings (S) @BOY		$\$312,800$
	Equity Investment @BOY			$\$668,800$
	[A]  Royalty Agreement		$\$48,000$
	Customer List		$\$40,000$
	Equity Investment @ BOY			$\$88,000$
	[D  Operating expenses		$\$44,000$
	Royalty Agreement			$\$24,000$
	Customer List			$\$20,000$
	(To record depreciation and amortization expense for the [A] assets)
	[Igain] Equity investment @BOY		$\$11,600$
	Equipment		$\$184,000$
	Accumulated depreciation			$\$195,600$
	[Idep] Accumulated depreciation		$\$11,600$
	Depreciation Expense			$\$11,600$

Table (1)

f.

To determine

Prepare the consolidation spreadsheet for the year ended December 31, 2019.

Explanation of Solution

Consolidated financial statements are a group of entities financial statements that are presented as those of a single economic entity. They are the financial statements of a group in which the parent company and its subsidiaries introduce their assets, liabilities, equity, revenue, expenses and cash flows as those of a single business organization.

A consolidated balance sheet provides a parent company's assets and liabilities and all of its subsidiaries in a legal document, without any differentiation on which items pertain to which companies.

Consolidation worksheet is an instrument used to prepare a parent's consolidated financial statements and their subsidiaries. It demonstrates the individual book values of companies, the adjustments and eliminations necessary, and the consolidated final values.

The consolidated spreadsheet for the year ended December 31, 2019 is shown below:

						Elimination entries
Income Statement		Parent		Subsidiary		Dr		Cr		Consolidated
Sales		$2,640,000		$704,000						$3,344,000
Cost of goods sold		(1,920,000)		(420,800)						(2,340,800)
Gross Profit		720,000		283,200						1,003,200
Income (loss) from subsidiary		68,400		0	[C]	68,400				0
Operating Expenses		(408,400)		(182,400)	[D]	44,000	[Idep]	11,600		(623,200)
Net Income		$380,000		$100,800						$380,000
Statement of Retained Earnings
Beginning Retained Earnings		$1,460,000		$312,800	[E]	312,800				$1,460,000
Net Income		380,000		100,800						380,000
Dividends		(80,000)		(13,600)			[C]	13,600		(80,000)
Ending retained Earnings		$1,760,000		$400,000						$1,760,000
Balance Sheet
Assets
Cash		$224,800		$192,400						$419,200
Accounts receivable		472,800		300,800						773,600
Inventory		702,400		384,800						1,087,200
Equity investment		800,000		0	[Igain]	11,600	[C]	54,800		0
							[E]	668,800
							[A]	88,000
PPE, net		2,600,400		720,000	[Igain]	184,000	[Igain]	195,600		3,320,000
					[Idep]	11,600
Royalty Agreement					[A]	48,000	[D]	24,000		24,000
Customer List					[A]	40,000	[D]	20,000		20,000
		$4,800,000		$1,600,000						5,644,000
Liabilities and Stockholder's Equity
Accounts payable		$272,800		$120,000						$489,600
Other current liabilities		321,600		160,000						600,000
Long-term Liabilities		1,200,000		564,000						1,680,000
Common stock		148,000		88,000	[E]	88,000				330,000
APIC		1,097,600		268,000	[E]	268,000				600,000
Retained earnings		1,760,000		400,000						2,400,000
		$4,800,000		$1,600,000		$1,076,400		$1,076,400		$5,644,000