The compound, which exhibits weaker intermolecular forces, has to be given. Concept introduction: London Dispersion forces: London dispersion forces are weak interactions due to the temporary changes in electron density in a molecule. All covalent compound exhibits London dispersion forces. These intermolecular forces are the only intermolecular forces present in nonpolar compounds. Hydrogen Bonding: A chemical bond in which a hydrogen atom of one molecule is attracted to an electronegative atom especially a nitrogen, oxygen, or fluorine atom, usually of another molecule. Dipole-dipole interactions: Dipole–dipole interactions are electrostatic interactions between molecules which have permanent dipoles. This interaction is stronger than the London forces but is weaker than ion-ion interaction because only partial charges are involved positive end of a polar molecule will attract the negative end of the other molecule and influence its position

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 4, Problem 4.60AP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The compound, which exhibits weaker intermolecular forces, has to be given.

Concept introduction:

London Dispersion forces:

London dispersion forces are weak interactions due to the temporary changes in electron density in a molecule. All covalent compound exhibits London dispersion forces. These intermolecular forces are the only intermolecular forces present in nonpolar compounds.

Hydrogen Bonding:

A chemical bond in which a hydrogen atom of one molecule is attracted to an electronegative atom especially a nitrogen, oxygen, or fluorine atom, usually of another molecule.

Dipole-dipole interactions:

Dipole–dipole interactions are electrostatic interactions between molecules which have permanent dipoles. This interaction is stronger than the London forces but is weaker than ion-ion interaction because only partial charges are involved positive end of a polar molecule will attract the negative end of the other molecule and influence its position

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The compound that has lower boiling point has to be given.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The compound that has lower melting point has to be given.

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What is the strongest intermolecular force present in 2-methylbutane, (CH3)2CHCH2CH3 ? a. Dipole-dipole forces b. Hydrogen bonding c. London forces d. Ionic bonding

Macmillan Learning A: the chemical formulas for the two compounds. OH A B: Based on their structures, which compound will have the higher boiling point? B

a. Which substance, CH3 CH₂OH or CH3 CH₂ CH₂OH, would be expected to have a lower boiling point? Why? CH3 CH₂OH, because it has a stronger OH group. CH3 CH₂ CH₂OH, because it has stronger London forces. CH3 CH₂OH, because it has a smaller molar mass. CH3 CH₂ CH₂OH, because it has a larger molar mass. b. Which substance, CH4 or CH3OH, would be expected to have a lower boiling point? Why? OCH4, because only London forces are operating. OCH3OH, because it is capable of hydrogen bonding. CH4, because it is capable of hydrogen bonding. OCH, OH, because it has larger molar mass. c. Which substance, CH3 CH₂ CH2OH or CH3 CH₂ CH₂ CH₂ CH3, would be expected to have a lower boiling point? Why? CH3 CH₂ CH₂OH, because it is capable of hydrogen bonding. CH3 CH₂ CH₂ CH2 CH3, because it is not capable of hydrogen bonding. CH3 CH₂ CH₂OH, because it has a larger molar mass. CH3 CH₂ CH₂ CH₂ CH3, because it has a smaller molar mass.

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 4, Problem 4.60AP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The compound, which exhibits weaker intermolecular forces, has to be given.

Concept introduction:

London Dispersion forces:

London dispersion forces are weak interactions due to the temporary changes in electron density in a molecule. All covalent compound exhibits London dispersion forces. These intermolecular forces are the only intermolecular forces present in nonpolar compounds.

Hydrogen Bonding:

A chemical bond in which a hydrogen atom of one molecule is attracted to an electronegative atom especially a nitrogen, oxygen, or fluorine atom, usually of another molecule.

Dipole-dipole interactions:

Dipole–dipole interactions are electrostatic interactions between molecules which have permanent dipoles. This interaction is stronger than the London forces but is weaker than ion-ion interaction because only partial charges are involved positive end of a polar molecule will attract the negative end of the other molecule and influence its position

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The compound that has lower boiling point has to be given.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The compound that has lower melting point has to be given.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 4, Problem 4.60AP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The compound, which exhibits weaker intermolecular forces, has to be given.

Concept introduction:

London Dispersion forces:

London dispersion forces are weak interactions due to the temporary changes in electron density in a molecule. All covalent compound exhibits London dispersion forces. These intermolecular forces are the only intermolecular forces present in nonpolar compounds.

Hydrogen Bonding:

A chemical bond in which a hydrogen atom of one molecule is attracted to an electronegative atom especially a nitrogen, oxygen, or fluorine atom, usually of another molecule.

Dipole-dipole interactions:

Dipole–dipole interactions are electrostatic interactions between molecules which have permanent dipoles. This interaction is stronger than the London forces but is weaker than ion-ion interaction because only partial charges are involved positive end of a polar molecule will attract the negative end of the other molecule and influence its position

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The compound that has lower boiling point has to be given.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The compound that has lower melting point has to be given.

Expert Solution & Answer

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 4, Problem 4.60AP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The compound, which exhibits weaker intermolecular forces, has to be given.

Concept introduction:

London Dispersion forces:

London dispersion forces are weak interactions due to the temporary changes in electron density in a molecule. All covalent compound exhibits London dispersion forces. These intermolecular forces are the only intermolecular forces present in nonpolar compounds.

Hydrogen Bonding:

A chemical bond in which a hydrogen atom of one molecule is attracted to an electronegative atom especially a nitrogen, oxygen, or fluorine atom, usually of another molecule.

Dipole-dipole interactions:

Dipole–dipole interactions are electrostatic interactions between molecules which have permanent dipoles. This interaction is stronger than the London forces but is weaker than ion-ion interaction because only partial charges are involved positive end of a polar molecule will attract the negative end of the other molecule and influence its position

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The compound that has lower boiling point has to be given.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The compound that has lower melting point has to be given.

Expert Solution & Answer

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Answer 5

Chapter 4, Problem 4.60AP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The compound, which exhibits weaker intermolecular forces, has to be given.

Concept introduction:

London Dispersion forces:

London dispersion forces are weak interactions due to the temporary changes in electron density in a molecule. All covalent compound exhibits London dispersion forces. These intermolecular forces are the only intermolecular forces present in nonpolar compounds.

Hydrogen Bonding:

A chemical bond in which a hydrogen atom of one molecule is attracted to an electronegative atom especially a nitrogen, oxygen, or fluorine atom, usually of another molecule.

Dipole-dipole interactions:

Dipole–dipole interactions are electrostatic interactions between molecules which have permanent dipoles. This interaction is stronger than the London forces but is weaker than ion-ion interaction because only partial charges are involved positive end of a polar molecule will attract the negative end of the other molecule and influence its position

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The compound that has lower boiling point has to be given.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The compound that has lower melting point has to be given.

Answer 6

Chapter 4, Problem 4.60AP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The compound, which exhibits weaker intermolecular forces, has to be given.

Concept introduction:

London Dispersion forces:

London dispersion forces are weak interactions due to the temporary changes in electron density in a molecule. All covalent compound exhibits London dispersion forces. These intermolecular forces are the only intermolecular forces present in nonpolar compounds.

Hydrogen Bonding:

A chemical bond in which a hydrogen atom of one molecule is attracted to an electronegative atom especially a nitrogen, oxygen, or fluorine atom, usually of another molecule.

Dipole-dipole interactions:

Dipole–dipole interactions are electrostatic interactions between molecules which have permanent dipoles. This interaction is stronger than the London forces but is weaker than ion-ion interaction because only partial charges are involved positive end of a polar molecule will attract the negative end of the other molecule and influence its position

Answer 7

Chapter 4, Problem 4.60AP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The compound, which exhibits weaker intermolecular forces, has to be given.

Concept introduction:

London Dispersion forces:

London dispersion forces are weak interactions due to the temporary changes in electron density in a molecule. All covalent compound exhibits London dispersion forces. These intermolecular forces are the only intermolecular forces present in nonpolar compounds.

Hydrogen Bonding:

A chemical bond in which a hydrogen atom of one molecule is attracted to an electronegative atom especially a nitrogen, oxygen, or fluorine atom, usually of another molecule.

Dipole-dipole interactions:

Dipole–dipole interactions are electrostatic interactions between molecules which have permanent dipoles. This interaction is stronger than the London forces but is weaker than ion-ion interaction because only partial charges are involved positive end of a polar molecule will attract the negative end of the other molecule and influence its position

Answer 8

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The compound that has lower boiling point has to be given.

Answer 9

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The compound that has lower boiling point has to be given.

Answer 10

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The compound that has lower melting point has to be given.

Answer 11

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The compound that has lower melting point has to be given.

Answer 12

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Answer 13

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Answer 14

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Answer 15

Ch. 4.1 - Prob. 4.1P Ch. 4.1 - Prob. 4.2P Ch. 4.1 - Prob. 4.3P Ch. 4.1 - Prob. 4.4P Ch. 4.2 - Prob. 4.5P Ch. 4.2 - Prob. 4.6P Ch. 4.3 - Prob. 4.7P Ch. 4.3 - Prob. 4.8P Ch. 4.3 - Prob. 4.9P Ch. 4.3 - Prob. 4.10P

Solution Summary: The author explains that London dispersion forces are weak interactions due to the temporary changes in electron density in a molecule. Hydrogen bonds are relatively strong intermolecular forces.

Interpretation:

The compound that has lower boiling point has to be given.

Interpretation:

The compound that has lower melting point has to be given.

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Chapter 4 Solutions

Solution Summary: The author explains that London dispersion forces are weak interactions due to the temporary changes in electron density in a molecule. Hydrogen bonds are relatively strong intermolecular forces.

Interpretation: The compound that has lower boiling point has to be given.

Interpretation: The compound that has lower melting point has to be given.

Want to see the full answer?

Chapter 4 Solutions

Interpretation:

The compound that has lower boiling point has to be given.

Interpretation:

The compound that has lower melting point has to be given.