
Concept explainers
1.
To Prepare: T-accounts for the accounts on the
1.

Explanation of Solution
T-account:
T-account refers to an individual account, where the increases or decreases in the value of specific asset, liability,
This account is referred to as the T-account, because the alignment of the components of the account resembles the capital letter ‘T’.’ An account consists of the three main components which are as follows:
(a)The title of the account
(b)The left or debit side
(c)The right or credit side
Prepare the T-account:
2.
To record:
2.

Explanation of Solution
Journal entries for the transactions (1) to (10) as follows:
Date | Account Title and Explanation | Debit ($) | Credit ($) | ||
1) | Cash (+A) | 21 | |||
Notes payable (Short-term) (+L) | 21 | ||||
(To record borrowed cash on note) | |||||
2) | Equipment (+A) | 18 | |||
Cash (-A) | 18 | ||||
(To record purchase of equipment) | |||||
3) | Cash (+A) | 5 | |||
Common Stock (+SE) | 5 | ||||
(To record issued common stock for cash) | |||||
4) | Equipment (+A) | 3 | |||
Cash (-A) | 3 | ||||
(To record Purchase of additional equipment) | |||||
5) | Supplies (+A) | 10 | |||
Accounts payable (+L) | 10 | ||||
(To record supplies purchased for future use) | |||||
6) | Cash (+A) | 56 | |||
9 | |||||
Service Revenue (+R, +SE) | 65 | ||||
(To record service revenue earned during the year 2015) | |||||
7) | Salaries and Wages Expense (+E, -SE) | 35 | |||
Cash (-A) | 35 | ||||
(To record salaries and wages expense incurred during 2015) | |||||
8) | Cash (+A) | 8 | |||
Accounts Receivable (-A) | 8 | ||||
(To record cash collected on customer’s account) | |||||
9) | Accounts payable (-L) | 11 | |||
Cash (-A) | 11 | ||||
(To record cash paid to creditors) | |||||
10) | Cash (+A) | 3 | |||
Unearned Revenue (+L) | 3 | ||||
(To record receiving of customers deposit before doing work) |
Table (1)
3.
To Prepare: An unadjusted trial balance from requirement 2.
3.

Explanation of Solution
Incorporation L&S | ||
Unadjusted Trial Balance | ||
At December 31, 2015 | ||
(in thousands) | ||
Account Titles | Debit ($) | Credit ($) |
Cash | 31 | |
Accounts Receivable | 5 | |
Supplies | 12 | |
Equipment | 27 | |
0 | ||
Software | 12 | |
Accumulated Amortization | 3 | |
Accounts Payable | 6 | |
Notes Payable (short–term) | 21 | |
Salaries and Wages Payable | 0 | |
Interest Payable | 0 | |
Income Tax Payable | 0 | |
Unearned revenue | 3 | |
Common Stock | 20 | |
4 | ||
Service Revenue | 65 | |
Supplies Expense | 0 | |
Salaries and Wages Expense | 35 | |
Depreciation Expense | 0 | |
Amortization Expense | 0 | |
Interest Expense | 0 | |
Income Tax Expense | 0 | |
Total | 122 | 122 |
Table (2)
4.
To record: Adjusting journal entries (11) to (16)
4.

Explanation of Solution
Prepare adjusting journal entries (11) to (16):
Date | Account Title and Explanation | Debit ($) | Credit ($) | ||
11. | Amortization Expense (+E, -SE) | 3 | |||
Accumulated Amortization (+xA, -A) | 3 | ||||
(To record |
|||||
12. | Supplies expense (+E, -SE) (1) | 8 | |||
Supplies(-A) | 8 | ||||
(To record the use of supplies) | |||||
13. | 2 | ||||
Accumulated depreciation –Equipment (+xA, -A) | 2 | ||||
(To record adjusting entry for depreciation expense) | |||||
14. | Interest expense (+E, -SE) | 1 | |||
Interest payable(+L) | 1 | ||||
(To record the adjusting entry for interest expense) | |||||
15. | Salaries and wages expense (+E, -SE) | 3 | |||
Salaries and wages payable (+L) | 3 | ||||
(To record the adjusting entry for salaries and wages expenses) | |||||
16. | Income tax expense(+E, -SE) | 4 | |||
Income tax payable(+L) | 4 | ||||
(To record the adjusting entry for income tax expense) |
Table (3)
Working notes:
12. Calculation of supplies expenses:
5.
To Prepare: An adjusted trial balance from requirement 4.
5.

Explanation of Solution
Prepare an adjusted trial balance for Incorporation L&S for December 31, 2015:
Incorporation L&S | ||
Adjusted Trial Balance | ||
At December 31, 2015 | ||
(in thousands) | ||
Account Titles | Debit ($) | Credit ($) |
Cash | 31 | |
Accounts Receivable | 5 | |
Supplies | 4 | |
Equipment | 27 | |
Accumulated Depreciation–Equipment | 2 | |
Software | 12 | |
Accumulated Amortization | 6 | |
Accounts Payable | 6 | |
Notes Payable (short–term) | 21 | |
Salaries and Wages Payable | 3 | |
Interest Payable | 1 | |
Income Tax Payable | 4 | |
Unearned revenue | 3 | |
Common Stock | 20 | |
Retained Earnings | 4 | |
Service Revenue | 65 | |
Supplies Expense | 8 | |
Salaries and Wages Expense | 38 | |
Depreciation Expense | 2 | |
Amortization Expense | 3 | |
Interest Expense | 1 | |
Income Tax Expense | 4 | |
Total | 135 | 135 |
Table (4)
6.
To prepare: An income statement, Statement of retained earnings and balance sheet.
6.

Explanation of Solution
Prepare an income statement for the year ended December 31, 2015:
Incorporation L&S | ||
Income Statement | ||
For the year ended December 31, 2015 | ||
(in thousands) | ||
Particulars | Amount ($) | Amount ($) |
Revenues: | ||
Service revenue | 65 | |
Total revenues | 65 | |
Less: Expenses | ||
Salaries and wage expense | 38 | |
Supplies expense | 8 | |
Amortization expense | 3 | |
Depreciation expense | 2 | |
Interest expense | 1 | |
Income tax expense | 4 | |
Total expenses | 56 | |
Net income | 9 |
(2)
Table (5)
Prepare a statement of retained earnings:
Incorporation L&S | ||
Statement of Retained Earnings | ||
For the year ended December 31, 2015 | ||
(in thousands) | ||
Particulars | Amount ($) | Amount ($) |
Balance, January 1, 2015 | 4 | |
Add: Net income | 9 | |
13 | ||
Less: Dividends | (0) | |
Balance, December 31, 2015 | 13 |
Table (6)
Prepare a balance sheet for the year December 31, 2015:
Incorporation L&S | ||
Balance Sheet | ||
At December 31, 2015 | ||
(in thousands) | ||
Particulars | Amount($) | Amount($) |
Assets | ||
Current Assets: | ||
Cash | 31 | |
Accounts Receivable | 5 | |
Supplies | 4 | |
Total current assets | 40 | |
Equipment | 27 | |
Accumulated Depreciation | (2) | |
Equipment, net | 25 | |
Software | 12 | |
Accumulated amortization | (6) | 6 |
Total Assets | 71 |
Liabilities : | ||
Current liabilities : | ||
Accounts Payable | 6 | |
Notes payable (short-term) | 21 | |
salaries and wages payable | 3 | |
Interest payable | 1 | |
Income Taxes Payable | 4 | |
Unearned revenue | 3 | |
Total Current Liabilities | 38 | |
Stockholders’ Equity | ||
Common Stock | 20 | |
Retained Earnings | 13 | |
Total Stockholders’ Equity | 33 | |
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity | 71 |
Table (7)
7.
To prepare: The closing entry for Incorporation L&S on December 31, 2015.
7.

Explanation of Solution
Prepare closing entries for Incorporation L&S on December 31, 2015:
Date | Account Title and Explanation | Debit ($) | Credit ($) |
December 31, 2015 | Sales revenue(-R) | 65 | |
Salaries and wages expense(-E) | 38 | ||
Depreciation expense(-E) | 2 | ||
Supplies expense(-E) | 8 | ||
Amortization expense (-E) | 3 | ||
Income tax expense(-E) | 4 | ||
Interest expense (-E) | 1 | ||
Retained earnings(+SE) (2) | 9 | ||
(To record the closing entries for Incorporation L&S) |
Table (8)
For closing of temporary accounts, the balances of revenues, expenses, and dividend accounts will be transferred to retained earnings in order to bring zero balance for expenses and revenues accounts.
8.
To prepare: Post closing trial balance from the requirement 7.
8.

Explanation of Solution
Prepare a Post-closing trial balance for Incorporation L&S for December 31, 2015:
Incorporation L&S | ||
Post-closing Trial Balance | ||
At December 31, 2015 | ||
(in thousands) | ||
Account Titles | Debit ($) | Credit ($) |
Cash | 31 | |
Accounts Receivable | 5 | |
Supplies | 4 | |
Equipment | 27 | |
Accumulated Depreciation–Equipment | 2 | |
Software | 12 | |
Accumulated Amortization | 6 | |
Accounts Payable | 6 | |
Notes Payable (short–term) | 21 | |
Salaries and Wages Payable | 3 | |
Interest Payable | 1 | |
Income Taxes Payable | 4 | |
Unearned revenue | 3 | |
Common Stock | 20 | |
Retained Earnings | 13 | |
Service Revenue | 0 | |
Salaries and Wages Expense | 0 | |
Supplies Expense | 0 | |
Depreciation Expense | 0 | |
Amortization expense | 0 | |
Interest Expense | 0 | |
Income Tax Expense | 0 | |
Total | 79 | 79 |
Table (9)
9.
To know: The net income of Incorporation L&S has been generated during 2015 and to explain the company has been financed primarily by liabilities or stockholders’ equity.
9.

Explanation of Solution
The net income of Incorporation L&S for 2015:
Incorporation L&S generated net income in the year 2015 is $9(thousand).
To see whether the Incorporation L&S is financed primarily by liabilities or stockholders’ equity:
The Incorporation L&S is financed primarily by liabilities, where by liabilities provide for $38(thousand) with the total assets and stockholders’ equity provide for $33(thousand).
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