Chapter 4, Problem 4.25YT

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The functional groups that are shown in the given molecules are to be identified.

Concept introduction:

In organic chemistry, the functional groups are particular substituents within molecules that are accountable for the representative chemical reactions of those molecules. The hydroxyl group ($\text{-OH}$) is characteristic of alcohol. When a hydroxyl group is directly attached to ${\text{sp}}^{\text{2}}$ carbon of an alkene, it is also called vinylic alcohol; the moiety $\text{C-O-C}$ is the characteristic of an ether functional group; the carbonyl group ($\text{C=O}$) is in many functional groups, depending on the other substituent on the carbonyl carbon. When the carbonyl group is a part of $\text{RC}\left(\text{O}\right)\text{H}$ group, it is the characteristic of an aldehyde group; when it is a part of $\text{RC}\left(\text{O}\right)\text{R}$ group, it is the characteristic of the ketone group, and when it is a part of $\text{RC}\left(\text{O}\right)\text{OR}$ group, it is the characteristic of an ester group. An alkene has a carbon-carbon double bond ($\text{C=C}$).