Chapter 4, Problem 28P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structural formulas and names for all the isomers of ${\text{C}}_5{\text{H}}_{10}$ are to be written.

Concept introduction:

The compounds that have the same molecular formula for atoms but different structures of compoundsdepending on the position of atoms are called isomers.

In chemical nomenclature, the IUPAC nomenclature of organic chemistry is a systematic method of naming organic chemical compounds as recommended by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC)

The parent chain is the longest continuous chain of carbon atoms.

The parent chain is numbered from that end that is closest to the substituent.

If the same substituent occurs more than once, the location of each point on which the substituent occurs is given.

If there are two or more different substituents they are listed in alphabetical order using the base name

The name of the alkane is derived from the parent chain with a prefix of the substituent along with their position on the chain.

For naming the cyclic organic compounds, the word “cyclo” is used as prefix.

For alkenes, suffix “ene” is used.

In double bond or cyclic compounds, if two same functional groups are present on the same side of the double bond or cyclic compound, the given compound can be labeled as cis.

If the two functional groups are present on the different sides of the double bond or cyclic compound, the given compound can be labeled as Trans.

Cis-trans isomerism exists in the compounds in which similar groups are present on the adjacent carbon atoms.