Identify the atoms that are oxidized and reduced, the change in oxidation state for each, and the oxidizing and reducing agents in each of the following equations: (a) Mg ( s ) + NiCl 2 ( a q ) → MgCl 2 ( a q ) + Ni ( s ) (b) PCl 3 ( l ) + Cl 2 ( g ) → PCl 5 ( s ) (c) C 2 H 4 ( g ) + 3 O 2 ( g ) → 2 CO 2 ( g ) + 2 H 2 O ( g ) (d) Zn ( s ) + H 2 SO 4 ( a q ) → ZnSO 4 ( a q ) + H 2 ( g ) (e) 2 K 2 S 2 O 3 ( s ) + I 2 ( s ) → K 2 S 4 O 6 ( s ) + 2 KI ( s ) (f) 3 Cu ( s ) + 8 HNO 3 ( a q ) → 3 Cu ( NO 3 ) 2 ( a q ) + 2 NO ( g ) + 4 H 2 O ( l )
Identify the atoms that are oxidized and reduced, the change in oxidation state for each, and the oxidizing and reducing agents in each of the following equations: (a) Mg ( s ) + NiCl 2 ( a q ) → MgCl 2 ( a q ) + Ni ( s ) (b) PCl 3 ( l ) + Cl 2 ( g ) → PCl 5 ( s ) (c) C 2 H 4 ( g ) + 3 O 2 ( g ) → 2 CO 2 ( g ) + 2 H 2 O ( g ) (d) Zn ( s ) + H 2 SO 4 ( a q ) → ZnSO 4 ( a q ) + H 2 ( g ) (e) 2 K 2 S 2 O 3 ( s ) + I 2 ( s ) → K 2 S 4 O 6 ( s ) + 2 KI ( s ) (f) 3 Cu ( s ) + 8 HNO 3 ( a q ) → 3 Cu ( NO 3 ) 2 ( a q ) + 2 NO ( g ) + 4 H 2 O ( l )
Identify the atoms that are oxidized and reduced, the change in oxidation state for each, and the oxidizing and reducing agents in each of the following equations:
(a)
Mg
(
s
)
+
NiCl
2
(
a
q
)
→
MgCl
2
(
a
q
)
+
Ni
(
s
)
(b)
PCl
3
(
l
)
+
Cl
2
(
g
)
→
PCl
5
(
s
)
(c)
C
2
H
4
(
g
)
+
3
O
2
(
g
)
→
2
CO
2
(
g
)
+
2
H
2
O
(
g
)
(d)
Zn
(
s
)
+
H
2
SO
4
(
a
q
)
→
ZnSO
4
(
a
q
)
+
H
2
(
g
)
(e)
2
K
2
S
2
O
3
(
s
)
+
I
2
(
s
)
→
K
2
S
4
O
6
(
s
)
+
2
KI
(
s
)
(f)
3
Cu
(
s
)
+
8
HNO
3
(
a
q
)
→
3
Cu
(
NO
3
)
2
(
a
q
)
+
2
NO
(
g
)
+
4
H
2
O
(
l
)
Please predict the products for each of the
following reactions.
Clearly show the regiochemistry (Markovnikov
vs anti-Markovnikov) and stereochemistry
(syn- vs anti- or both).
If a mixture of enantiomers is formed, please
draw all the enantiomers.
Hint: In this case you must choose the best
answer to demonstrate the stereochemistry of
H2 addition.
1.03
2. (CH3)2S
BIZ
CH₂OH
2. DMS
KMnO4, NaOH
ΖΗ
Pd or Pt (catalyst)
HBr
20 1
HBr
ROOR (peroxide)
HO
H-SO
HC
12 11 10
BH, THE
2. H2O2, NaOH
Brz
cold
HI
19
18
17
16
MCPBA
15
14
13
A
Br
H₂O
BH3⚫THF
Brz
EtOH
Pd or Ni (catalyst)
D₂ (deuterium)
1. Os04
2. H2O2
CH3CO3H
(peroxyacid)
1. MCPBA
2. H₂O*
H
B
+
H
H
H
"H
C
H
H
D
Explain how Beer’s Law can be used to determine the concentration in a selected food sample. Provide examples.
Explain the importance of having a sampling plan with respect to food analysis.
Explain the importance of having a sampling plan with respect to food analysis. Provide examples.
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