Concept explainers
Production of more than one
- a. pleiotrofy.
- b. genetic determinism.
- c. codominance.
- d. penetrance.
- e. genetic recombination

Introduction:
A single gene is responsible for the production of multiple phenotypes and this is termed as a pleiotropic effect. The gene influences multiple traits of organisms, which may transfer from one generation to another. In humans, phenylketonuria (PKU) is associated with pleiotropy. Phenylalanine hydroxylase converts phenylalanine to tyrosine; the mutation in phenylalanine hydroxylase encoding genes leads to multiple traits associated with phenylketonuria. It causes mental disorders, pigment defects, and eczema.
Answer to Problem 1TYR
Correct answer:
A single gene influences multiple or more than a phenotypic trait and is known as pleiotropy. Therefore, option a is correct.
Explanation of Solution
Justify reasons for the correct statement:
A single gene produces numerous phenotypic traits and is called as pleiotropy.
Option (a) is given as “pleiotropy”.
Multiple phenotypic characters produced by a gene is known as pleiotropy.
Hence, option (a) is correct.
Justify reasons for the incorrect statements:
Option (b) is given as “genetic determinism”.
Controlling of race, sex, and mental health by genes is known as genetic determinism. Hence, it is a wrong answer.
Option (c) is given as “codominance”.
Expression of both alleles of a gene in an organism is known as codominance. Hence, it is a wrong answer.
Option (d) is given as “penetrance”.
Exhibition of expected phenotype from the percentage of the given genotype is known as penetrance. Hence, it is a wrong answer.
Option (e) is given as “genetic recombination”.
Exchange of genetic material between two chromosomes or a different location of a single chromosome is known as genetic recombination. Hence, it is a wrong answer.
Hence, options (b), (c), (d), and (e) are incorrect.
A single gene produces numerous phenotypic traits and is called as pleiotropy.
Want to see more full solutions like this?
Chapter 4 Solutions
ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY THE UNITY OF FORM
Additional Science Textbook Solutions
Chemistry: A Molecular Approach (4th Edition)
Microbiology Fundamentals: A Clinical Approach
Human Physiology: An Integrated Approach (8th Edition)
Campbell Essential Biology (7th Edition)
- Ch.23 How is Salmonella able to cross from the intestines into the blood? A. it is so small that it can squeeze between intestinal cells B. it secretes a toxin that induces its uptake into intestinal epithelial cells C. it secretes enzymes that create perforations in the intestine D. it can get into the blood only if the bacteria are deposited directly there, that is, through a puncture — Which virus is associated with liver cancer? A. hepatitis A B. hepatitis B C. hepatitis C D. both hepatitis B and C — explain your answer thoroughlyarrow_forwardCh.21 What causes patients infected with the yellow fever virus to turn yellow (jaundice)? A. low blood pressure and anemia B. excess leukocytes C. alteration of skin pigments D. liver damage in final stage of disease — What is the advantage for malarial parasites to grow and replicate in red blood cells? A. able to spread quickly B. able to avoid immune detection C. low oxygen environment for growth D. cooler area of the body for growth — Which microbe does not live part of its lifecycle outside humans? A. Toxoplasma gondii B. Cytomegalovirus C. Francisella tularensis D. Plasmodium falciparum — explain your answer thoroughlyarrow_forwardCh.22 Streptococcus pneumoniae has a capsule to protect it from killing by alveolar macrophages, which kill bacteria by… A. cytokines B. antibodies C. complement D. phagocytosis — What fact about the influenza virus allows the dramatic antigenic shift that generates novel strains? A. very large size B. enveloped C. segmented genome D. over 100 genes — explain your answer thoroughlyarrow_forward
- What is this?arrow_forwardMolecular Biology A-C components of the question are corresponding to attached image labeled 1. D component of the question is corresponding to attached image labeled 2. For a eukaryotic mRNA, the sequences is as follows where AUGrepresents the start codon, the yellow is the Kozak sequence and (XXX) just represents any codonfor an amino acid (no stop codons here). G-cap and polyA tail are not shown A. How long is the peptide produced?B. What is the function (a sentence) of the UAA highlighted in blue?C. If the sequence highlighted in blue were changed from UAA to UAG, how would that affecttranslation? D. (1) The sequence highlighted in yellow above is moved to a new position indicated below. Howwould that affect translation? (2) How long would be the protein produced from this new mRNA? Thank youarrow_forwardMolecular Biology Question Explain why the cell doesn’t need 61 tRNAs (one for each codon). Please help. Thank youarrow_forward
- Molecular Biology You discover a disease causing mutation (indicated by the arrow) that alters splicing of its mRNA. This mutation (a base substitution in the splicing sequence) eliminates a 3’ splice site resulting in the inclusion of the second intron (I2) in the final mRNA. We are going to pretend that this intron is short having only 15 nucleotides (most introns are much longer so this is just to make things simple) with the following sequence shown below in bold. The ( ) indicate the reading frames in the exons; the included intron 2 sequences are in bold. A. Would you expected this change to be harmful? ExplainB. If you were to do gene therapy to fix this problem, briefly explain what type of gene therapy youwould use to correct this. Please help. Thank youarrow_forwardMolecular Biology Question Please help. Thank you Explain what is meant by the term “defective virus.” Explain how a defective virus is able to replicate.arrow_forwardMolecular Biology Explain why changing the codon GGG to GGA should not be harmful. Please help . Thank youarrow_forward
- Stage Percent Time in Hours Interphase .60 14.4 Prophase .20 4.8 Metaphase .10 2.4 Anaphase .06 1.44 Telophase .03 .72 Cytukinesis .01 .24 Can you summarize the results in the chart and explain which phases are faster and why the slower ones are slow?arrow_forwardCan you circle a cell in the different stages of mitosis? 1.prophase 2.metaphase 3.anaphase 4.telophase 5.cytokinesisarrow_forwardWhich microbe does not live part of its lifecycle outside humans? A. Toxoplasma gondii B. Cytomegalovirus C. Francisella tularensis D. Plasmodium falciparum explain your answer thoroughly.arrow_forward
- Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Co...BiologyISBN:9781305251052Author:Michael CummingsPublisher:Cengage LearningHuman Biology (MindTap Course List)BiologyISBN:9781305112100Author:Cecie Starr, Beverly McMillanPublisher:Cengage Learning
- Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)BiologyISBN:9781305389892Author:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillanPublisher:Cengage LearningBiology 2eBiologyISBN:9781947172517Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann ClarkPublisher:OpenStaxBiology (MindTap Course List)BiologyISBN:9781337392938Author:Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. BergPublisher:Cengage Learning





