State the first and second laws of thermodynamics . Living systems may appear to violate the second law of thermodynamics because living things maintain a high degree of organization despite a universal trend toward increasing disorganization. What is the explanation for this apparent paradox?

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Answer 1

Textbook Question

Chapter 4, Problem 1RQ

State the first and second laws of thermodynamics. Living systems may appear to violate the second law of thermodynamics because living things maintain a high degree of organization despite a universal trend toward increasing disorganization. What is the explanation for this apparent paradox?

Expert Solution

Summary Introduction

To state: The first and second law of thermodynamics.

Introduction: The energy can be converted from one form to another and it exists in either of the two forms, namely, potential or kinetic. The stored energy is potential energy. It can be converted to kinetic energy, which is known as the energy of motion.

Explanation of Solution

First law of thermodynamics: It states that in the universe, the energy level is constant, which means energy cannot be created or destroyed. The energy can be converted from one form to another.

Second law of thermodynamics: This law states that the closed system normally moves in the direction of increasing entropy or disorder.

Expert Solution

Summary Introduction

To explain: The paradox that the living system seems to violate the second law of thermodynamics because a high degree of organization is maintained by the living things despite a universal trend in the direction of increasing disorganization.

Explanation of Solution

Living systems are not a closed system. They are open systems. The living things maintain their organization as well as increase it, as during the animal development from egg to adult. They get their energy from their surroundings and therefore, they are not subject to the second law of thermodynamics.

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Answer 2

Textbook Question

Chapter 4, Problem 1RQ

State the first and second laws of thermodynamics. Living systems may appear to violate the second law of thermodynamics because living things maintain a high degree of organization despite a universal trend toward increasing disorganization. What is the explanation for this apparent paradox?

Expert Solution

Summary Introduction

To state: The first and second law of thermodynamics.

Introduction: The energy can be converted from one form to another and it exists in either of the two forms, namely, potential or kinetic. The stored energy is potential energy. It can be converted to kinetic energy, which is known as the energy of motion.

Explanation of Solution

First law of thermodynamics: It states that in the universe, the energy level is constant, which means energy cannot be created or destroyed. The energy can be converted from one form to another.

Second law of thermodynamics: This law states that the closed system normally moves in the direction of increasing entropy or disorder.

Expert Solution

Summary Introduction

To explain: The paradox that the living system seems to violate the second law of thermodynamics because a high degree of organization is maintained by the living things despite a universal trend in the direction of increasing disorganization.

Explanation of Solution

Living systems are not a closed system. They are open systems. The living things maintain their organization as well as increase it, as during the animal development from egg to adult. They get their energy from their surroundings and therefore, they are not subject to the second law of thermodynamics.

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Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!

Answer 3

Textbook Question

Chapter 4, Problem 1RQ

State the first and second laws of thermodynamics. Living systems may appear to violate the second law of thermodynamics because living things maintain a high degree of organization despite a universal trend toward increasing disorganization. What is the explanation for this apparent paradox?

Expert Solution

Summary Introduction

To state: The first and second law of thermodynamics.

Introduction: The energy can be converted from one form to another and it exists in either of the two forms, namely, potential or kinetic. The stored energy is potential energy. It can be converted to kinetic energy, which is known as the energy of motion.

Explanation of Solution

First law of thermodynamics: It states that in the universe, the energy level is constant, which means energy cannot be created or destroyed. The energy can be converted from one form to another.

Second law of thermodynamics: This law states that the closed system normally moves in the direction of increasing entropy or disorder.

Expert Solution

Summary Introduction

To explain: The paradox that the living system seems to violate the second law of thermodynamics because a high degree of organization is maintained by the living things despite a universal trend in the direction of increasing disorganization.

Explanation of Solution

Living systems are not a closed system. They are open systems. The living things maintain their organization as well as increase it, as during the animal development from egg to adult. They get their energy from their surroundings and therefore, they are not subject to the second law of thermodynamics.

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Answer 4

Textbook Question

Chapter 4, Problem 1RQ

State the first and second laws of thermodynamics. Living systems may appear to violate the second law of thermodynamics because living things maintain a high degree of organization despite a universal trend toward increasing disorganization. What is the explanation for this apparent paradox?

Expert Solution

Summary Introduction

To state: The first and second law of thermodynamics.

Introduction: The energy can be converted from one form to another and it exists in either of the two forms, namely, potential or kinetic. The stored energy is potential energy. It can be converted to kinetic energy, which is known as the energy of motion.

Explanation of Solution

First law of thermodynamics: It states that in the universe, the energy level is constant, which means energy cannot be created or destroyed. The energy can be converted from one form to another.

Second law of thermodynamics: This law states that the closed system normally moves in the direction of increasing entropy or disorder.

Expert Solution

Summary Introduction

To explain: The paradox that the living system seems to violate the second law of thermodynamics because a high degree of organization is maintained by the living things despite a universal trend in the direction of increasing disorganization.

Explanation of Solution

Living systems are not a closed system. They are open systems. The living things maintain their organization as well as increase it, as during the animal development from egg to adult. They get their energy from their surroundings and therefore, they are not subject to the second law of thermodynamics.

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Answer 5

Textbook Question

Answer 6

Textbook Question

Answer 7

Expert Solution

Summary Introduction

To state: The first and second law of thermodynamics.

Introduction: The energy can be converted from one form to another and it exists in either of the two forms, namely, potential or kinetic. The stored energy is potential energy. It can be converted to kinetic energy, which is known as the energy of motion.

Explanation of Solution

First law of thermodynamics: It states that in the universe, the energy level is constant, which means energy cannot be created or destroyed. The energy can be converted from one form to another.

Second law of thermodynamics: This law states that the closed system normally moves in the direction of increasing entropy or disorder.

Expert Solution

Summary Introduction

To explain: The paradox that the living system seems to violate the second law of thermodynamics because a high degree of organization is maintained by the living things despite a universal trend in the direction of increasing disorganization.

Explanation of Solution

Living systems are not a closed system. They are open systems. The living things maintain their organization as well as increase it, as during the animal development from egg to adult. They get their energy from their surroundings and therefore, they are not subject to the second law of thermodynamics.

Answer 8

Expert Solution

Summary Introduction

To state: The first and second law of thermodynamics.

Introduction: The energy can be converted from one form to another and it exists in either of the two forms, namely, potential or kinetic. The stored energy is potential energy. It can be converted to kinetic energy, which is known as the energy of motion.

Explanation of Solution

First law of thermodynamics: It states that in the universe, the energy level is constant, which means energy cannot be created or destroyed. The energy can be converted from one form to another.

Second law of thermodynamics: This law states that the closed system normally moves in the direction of increasing entropy or disorder.

Answer 9

Expert Solution

Answer 10

Expert Solution

Answer 11

Expert Solution

Answer 12

Summary Introduction

To state: The first and second law of thermodynamics.

Introduction: The energy can be converted from one form to another and it exists in either of the two forms, namely, potential or kinetic. The stored energy is potential energy. It can be converted to kinetic energy, which is known as the energy of motion.

Answer 13

Explanation of Solution

First law of thermodynamics: It states that in the universe, the energy level is constant, which means energy cannot be created or destroyed. The energy can be converted from one form to another.

Second law of thermodynamics: This law states that the closed system normally moves in the direction of increasing entropy or disorder.

Answer 14

Expert Solution

Summary Introduction

To explain: The paradox that the living system seems to violate the second law of thermodynamics because a high degree of organization is maintained by the living things despite a universal trend in the direction of increasing disorganization.

Explanation of Solution

Living systems are not a closed system. They are open systems. The living things maintain their organization as well as increase it, as during the animal development from egg to adult. They get their energy from their surroundings and therefore, they are not subject to the second law of thermodynamics.

Answer 15

Expert Solution

Answer 16

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Answer 17

Expert Solution

Answer 18

Summary Introduction

To explain: The paradox that the living system seems to violate the second law of thermodynamics because a high degree of organization is maintained by the living things despite a universal trend in the direction of increasing disorganization.

Answer 19

Explanation of Solution

Living systems are not a closed system. They are open systems. The living things maintain their organization as well as increase it, as during the animal development from egg to adult. They get their energy from their surroundings and therefore, they are not subject to the second law of thermodynamics.

Answer 20

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State the first and second laws of thermodynamics . Living systems may appear to violate the second law of thermodynamics because living things maintain a high degree of organization despite a universal trend toward increasing disorganization. What is the explanation for this apparent paradox?

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