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Concept introduction
Any objective assessment tool, such as a clinical assessment or an educational test, must have three main elements: standardization, reliability, and validity. A reliable test is able to give the same score across different situations. On the other hand, validity tends to measure the degree to which a test would assess what it intends to. These elements make a test useful and functional.
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Explanation of Solution
Suggested responses
In schools, the tests that are used to assess the student's academic knowledge and aptitude in specific subjects are known as standardized tests. Some of these standardized tools, such as SATs, tend to evaluate a student's academic score to match their performance with a corresponding university.
School tests ought to be reliable in the sense that, if the student takes the same test twice in the same day or after a gap of a month, the score should not deviate from the original score.
These tests also tend to be valid because they aim to measure a specific aspect of a student's knowledge, intelligence or aptitude, such as verbal intelligence or mathematical intelligence. If a test claims to measure the reasoning ability of a child, it should have items related to reasoning ability only. This is known as content validity.
There are several online tests that claim to assess IQ or personality, and are freely available. However, the extent to which they are reliable or valid is debatable. Some tests, especially the ones that are easy to access, appear to have face validity but may not guarantee actual validity and reliability. When taking an online test, it is important to take suggestions from academic professionals to choose more reliable tools.
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Chapter 4 Solutions
Abnormal Psychology
- Find an example of musical quotation and identify: The name of the original work that is quoted (list composer, band, or anonymous if applicable) The name of the new work (band/composer/singer, etc.) Provide an analysis of the elements of music that are borrowed from the original work (entire melody, motives or sections of the melody, harmony, rhythm, instrumentation, etc.)arrow_forwardSelect all the statements that best describe 19th century composers: 1) Composed to fulfil and inner need 2) Were respected members of society 3) Sought to create original works 4) Worked for the court patronage systemarrow_forwardPrompts Answers Dvorak Finlandia Smetana New World Symphony Mussorgsky My Country Sibelius Pictures at an Exhibitionarrow_forward
- Prompts Answers Sonata Form Compositional form featuring a main theme that returns in alternation with other contrasting themes Rondo Tripartite form in triple meter of fast and lively character Scherzo Compositional form in which a basic musical idea is repeated over and over and changed each time in melody, rhythm, harmony, dynamics, or tone character Theme and Variations Compositional form consisting of three main sections generally used as the first movement in a multi-movement workarrow_forwardPrompts Answers Symphony A three-movement work for an instrumental soloist and an orchestra Concerto A multiple movement orchestral work that often consists of four movements with contrasting emotions, tempo, and mood Cadenza A passage displaying technical virtuosity that is played or improvised by the soloist without orchestral accompaniment String quartet A composition for solo string instruments, usually two violins, viola, and celloarrow_forwardPrompts Answers Sonata Form A ternary form in triple meter of dance-like character Rondo A form that combines a recurring main theme in alternation with other contrasting themes Variation Structure of a single movement, consisting of three main sections : exposition, development, and recapitulation Minuet A form based on one main theme that continually returns changed in some form and fashionarrow_forward
- Haydn’s music was often (select all that apply) a) Humorous b) Flavored with popular folk tunes c) Heroic and optimistic d) Highly ornamentedarrow_forwardWhich genre of composition is the “Spring” from Vivaldi’s Four Seasons? a) concerto grosso b) symphony c) symphonic poem d) concertoarrow_forwardTwo musical giants of the baroque period were: a) Vivaldi b) Handel c) Corellic d) Bacharrow_forward
- Prompts Answers Chiaroscuro A short musical idea repeated at a higher or lower pitch Terrace dynamics A form of accompaniment made up of two instruments (one harmonic, one melodic) Basso continuo Sudden alternation between loud and soft dynamics Melodic sequence The use of strong contrasts between light and darkarrow_forwardHow has birth control (voluntary or involuntary) affected the lives of women? Cite major initiatives and the people responsible for them to support your argumentarrow_forwardIdentify and discuss the pros and cons (key issues and challenges) of one federal health or mental health policy. What political, cultural, or economic factors have influenced the development and implementation of the policy? Please cite in text source and list reference.arrow_forward
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