Chapter 4, Problem 12E

Explanation of Solution

Operations that are occurred in each phase:

For the instruction ADD:

• Fetch:
  • Takes instruction from memory.
  • Next address is loaded into Program Counter (PC).
• Decode:
  • It finds that it is an add instruction.
• Evaluate address:
  • There is no memory operation. So it is not required to evaluate the memory address.
• Fetch operands:
  • From the register file, the operands are taken.
• Execute:
  • Execute the add operation.
• Store result:
  • The result is stored in a register file.

For the instruction LDR:

• Fetch:
  • Takes instruction from memory.
  • Next address is loaded into Program Counter (PC).
• Decode:
  • It finds that the instruction is a Load Base + offset instruction.
• Evaluate address:
  • Memory address is computed by adding the base register with the sign extended offset...